Table 4.
Hospital Characteristics
| Hospital Characteristics | Hospital's Risk‐Standardized Occurrence Rate of Adverse Events for Which Patients Were at Risk by Tertiles (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| First Tertile (1.35–2.82) | Second Tertile (2.83–4.44) | Third Tertile (4.45–19.28) | |
| Total hospitals (n)a | 264 | 265 | 264 |
| Total AMI patients (n) | 2507 | 2279 | 2233 |
| Observed rate of occurrence of adverse events (%) | 0.8 | 3.0 | 7.2 |
| Observed 1 or more adverse events (%) | 4.9 | 19.8 | 37.4 |
| Risk‐standardized rate of occurrence of adverse events, mean (SD) | 2.1 (2.9) | 3.5 (3.6) | 6.7 (19.0) |
| Median (IQR) number of patients for which adverse events were tallied | 8 (4) | 8 (4) | 8 (4) |
| Median (IQR) number of adverse events for which patients were at risk | 57 (27) | 57 (29) | 63 (34) |
| Teaching (%) | 3.4 | 7.6 | 13.6 |
| Accredited by Joint Commission (%) | 86.4 | 86.0 | 85.2 |
| Private and not‐for‐profit (%) | 40.2 | 40.4 | 41.7 |
| Rural setting (%) | 34.5 | 28.3 | 23.9 |
| Perform coronary artery bypass graft surgery (%) | 29.6 | 42.6 | 65.2 |
| Catheterization and/or percutaneous coronary intervention procedures (%) | 42.8 | 59.3 | 75.8 |
| Beds, median (IQR) | 163 (163) | 209 (228) | 251 (248) |
| Nurse‐to‐patient ratio, median (IQR) | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.02) |
| Overall patient characteristicsb | |||
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 79.8 (8.6) | 79.2 (8.7) | 78.3 (8.4) |
| Female (%) | 53.1 | 50.3 | 46.0 |
| White (%) | 90.6 | 88.5 | 88.1 |
| Black (%) | 5.9 | 7.2 | 7.2 |
| Other race (%) | 3.5 | 4.3 | 4.7 |
| History of heart failure (%) | 52.9 | 49.9 | 47.7 |
| Obesity (%) | 18.5 | 18.3 | 19.5 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 97.8 | 98.4 | 98.4 |
| Renal disease (%) | 39.7 | 37.5 | 34.8 |
| Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 26.0 | 24.3 | 24.6 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%) | 30.2 | 27.8 | 25.5 |
| All cancer (%) | 20.3 | 21.7 | 19.4 |
| Diabetes (%) | 41.8 | 40.6 | 43.0 |
| Smoking (%) | 16.3 | 15.5 | 17.3 |
AMI indicates acute myocardial infarction; IQR, interquartile range; MPSMS, Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System.
a
Hospitals (n=793) had at least 30 patients for mortality and readmission measures and had at least 40 adverse events for which patients were at risk.
b
Based on MPSMS abstracted data.