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. 2016 Sep 1;10:91. doi: 10.3389/fncom.2016.00091

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Copyright © 2016 Paul, Cauller and Llano.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Positive Lyapunov exponents are obtained for RE → TC inhibition 0.02 S/m² to just below 1.0 S/m². At 1.0 S/m² and beyond the exponents abruptly become negative indicating a non-chaotic regime in this range. (B) Varying cortical feedback excitatory synaptic strength (CX → TC: 0.05–1 S/m²) produces LE values in the range 0.2–0.6. Removal of the cortical feedback loop (CX → TC = 0.0 S/m²) produces a larger LE of 1.4 (not shown in semilog scale). (C) Lyapunov Exponents as a function of a potassium leak conductance simulating excitatory brainstem neuromodulation of the thalamus. Decreasing g_LEAK simulates transition conditions from sleep to wakefulness and the system enters a chaotic regime.