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. 2016 Sep 7;3(5):e276. doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000276

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© 2016 American Academy of Neurology

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially.

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(A) Theoretical proinflammatory interactions that arise from loss of immune tolerance, which may promote the onset or progression of neuromyelitis optica/spectrum disorder (NMO/SD). (B) Theoretical anti-inflammatory interactions that arise and could be amenable to therapeutic intervention in restoring immune tolerance in NMO/SD. (Cellular) APC = antigen-presenting cell; Bc = B cell; Tc = T cell; (cell surface determinants) CD = class designation; MHC = major histocompatibility complex; (soluble) BAFF = B cell activating factor; IL = interleukin; IL-18BP = IL-18 binding protein; sIL-1R = soluble IL-1 receptor; sTNFR = soluble tumor necrosis factor α receptor.