Table 6.
Prediction of total healthcare costs by chronic disease on the propensity-matched cohort.
| Characteristic | Healthcare costs (2013) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Diabetes | Cardiovascular diseases | Respiratory illnesses | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Estimate CHF | 95% confidence interval | Estimate CHF | 95% confidence interval | Estimate CHF | 95% confidence interval | |
|
| ||||||
| Population characteristics | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Female | –669.1*** | –933.3 to –403.4 | –412.2*** | –499.0 to –325.8 | 284.0*** | 166.3–402.3 |
| Age group (years) | ||||||
| 18–44 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| 45–54 | –769.7** | –1308.6 to –248.5 | 213.4** | 59.9–364.6 | 220.4** | 65.7–386.0 |
| 55–64 | –84.5 | –632.4–438.5 | 431.2*** | 284.9–573.9 | 1127.3*** | 896.3–1373.2 |
| 65–74 | 740.1** | 190.0–1264.2 | 1242.4*** | 1090.0–1391.7 | 1942.7*** | 1642.0–2259.3 |
| 75–84 | 1850.8*** | 1252.8–2430.5 | 2300.5*** | 2126.5–2473.1 | 2655.6*** | 2230.1–3108.7 |
| ≥85 | 3379.8*** | 2447.3–4370.3 | 3499.8*** | 3226.6–3780.0 | 3368.2*** | 4338.1–2517.0 |
| Region of residence | ||||||
| Lake Geneva | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Mittelland | –555.5 | –1138.5 to –10.6 | –221.6* | –436.4 to –17.0 | –9.9 | –209.0 to 180.6 |
| Northwest | 188.5 | –396.6 to 735.4 | –262.4* | –476.4 to –58.5 | 225.3* | 11.7–435.9 |
| East | 61.2 | –535.0 to 622.1 | –522.2*** | –737.1 to –317.2 | –251.9* | –454.7 to –53.1 |
| Ticino | 6705.3 | –1399.7 to 25930.6 | –1006.0 | –2111.3 to 962.9 | –944.6*** | –506.6 to –1227.3 |
| Central | 81.5 | –740.1 to 948.0 | –283.4* | –548.6 to –17.4 | –68.5 | –326.1 to 217.4 |
| Zurich | –96.4 | –687.6 to 457.9 | 12.7 | –202.7 to 218.2 | 145.4 | –56.3 to 340.4 |
| Health insurance status | ||||||
| Care model | ||||||
| Standard care model | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Integrated care model | –777.8*** | –1040.8 to –516.5 | –441.3*** | –527.3 to –355.6 | –217.9*** | –340.2 to –96.6 |
| Deductible | ||||||
| Low (CHF 300/500) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| High (>CHF500) | –344.2 | –819.8 to 180.2 | –1051.0*** | –1150.7 to –950.0 | –1266.0*** | –1407.7 to –1127.0 |
| Chronic disease score | ||||||
| Level 1 (0–999) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Level 2 (1000–2499) | 642.2** | 205.0–1060.8 | 861.4*** | 749.1–974.9 | 1054.1*** | 878.1–1238.6 |
| Level 3 (2500–4999) | 2189.6*** | 1698.1–2674.4 | 2019.8*** | 1894.5–2146.2 | 1855.1*** | 1628.2–2090.9 |
| Level 4 (5000–9999) | 3750.8*** | 3271.0–4216.0 | 4405.9*** | 4251.7–4561.7 | 4820.9*** | 4489.9–5161.5 |
| Level 5 (≥10,000) | 10022.8*** | 9322.7–10734.6 | 11260.3*** | 10877.5–11654.4 | 11960.6*** | 11197.6–12766.9 |
| No. of hospitalised days (2011) | ||||||
| 0–3 days | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| 4–10 days | 2809.3*** | 2106.0–3575.4 | 1768.7*** | 1506.2–2044.2 | 1644.4*** | 1137.8–2223.9 |
| >10 days | 6260.6*** | 5206.3–7407.3 | 5030.8*** | 4592.6–5489.8 | 7079.3*** | 5810.9–8492.1 |
Ref., reference.
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.01.