Table 1.
Cellular processes regulated by the transcription factors activated by the three canonical unfolded protein response signaling pathways
| PERK Pathway (transcription factors: ATF4/CHOP/GADD34) |
| Protein synthesis |
| Amino acid metabolism |
| Cell survival |
| Autophagy |
| Oxidant defense |
| Inflammation |
| IRE1 pathway (transcription factor: sXBP1) |
| Protein synthesis |
| Protein chaperoning/folding |
| Protein transport/degradation |
| Cholesterol metabolism/cell membrane synthesis |
| Cell survival |
| Autophagy |
| Inflammation |
| ATF6 pathway (transcription factor: ATF6N) |
| Protein chaperoning/folding |
| Protein transport/degradation |
| Mitochondrial biogenesis |
| Energy metabolism |
| Inflammation |
Definition of abbreviations: ATF6 = activated transcription factor 6; CHOP = C/EBP-homologous protein; GADD34 = growth arrest and DNA damage; IRE1 = inositol requiring protein-1; PERK = PKR-like ER kinase; sXBP1 = spliced X-box binding protein 1.