Fig. 1.

Excess chemical potential, in units of k_BT, to insert a protein field with maximum spontaneous curvature C₀ and extent of curvature ε² on a membrane with zero proteins—both C₀ and ε² are expressed in units of a₀. a ${\mu }_P^{ex}$ as a function of ε² for fixed values of $C_0=0.4a_0^{-1},0.6a_0^{-1}$ and $0.8a_0^{-1}$ and b ${\mu }_P^{ex}$ as a function of C₀ for fixed values of ${\epsilon }^2=2.3a_0^2,4.3a_0^2$, and $6.3a_0^2$