Table 3.
Measures – descriptive and change scores
| Measure & individual variables comprising measure | Mean/SD Baseline | Mean/SD 3 months | Change scores |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-efficacy Scale (12 items) Stem: On a scale of 1–10, how confident are you that you can… (Higher numbers indicate higher self-efficacy.) | 8.07 (1.65) | 8.21 (1.22) | .01 (.90) P=.959 |
| SE1 Keep physical discomfort or pain of your disease from interfering with things you want to do | 7.39 (2.91) | 7.64 (2.17) | |
| SE2Keep the emotional distress caused by your disease from interfering with the things you want to do | 7.57 (2.76) | 7.73 (2.19) | |
| SE3 Keep any other symptoms or health problems you have from interfering with the things you want to do | 7.36 (2.93) | 7.76 (2.28) | |
| SE4 Do the different tasks and activities needed to manage your health condition so as to reduce your need to see a doctor | 8.57 (2.01) | 8.77 (1.38) | |
| SE5 Do things other than just taking medication to reduce how much your illness affects your everyday life | 8.36 (2.15) | 8.57 (1.25) | |
| SE6 Perform IC often enough to prevent urine leakage | 8.25 (1.88) | 8.77 (1.45) | |
| SE7 Monitor amount in catheterizations to keep level to acceptable amount | 7.61 (2.73) | 7.59 (2.20) | |
| SE8 Adjust fluid intake to prevent urine leakage & maintain hydration | 8.04 (2.20) | 7.91 (1.82) | |
| SE9 Notice early signs of UTI for quicker treatment | 8.32 (1.89) | 8.23 (1.82) | |
| SE10 Perform IC in different settings and situations | 8.57 (1.55) | 8.55 (1.57) | |
| SE11 Choose equipment to meet own needs | 8.86 (1.78) | 9.10 (.995) | |
| SE12 Adjust to social needs related to IC | 8.0 (2.36) | 8.05 (2.52) | |
| Self-management Scale (19 items) How often you do these activities, if at all. On a scale of 1–7 with 1 Not at all to 7 Do this very frequently or almost always. (Higher numbers are better.) | 4.80 (.88) | 5.11(.86) | .33(2.44) p=.032 |
| SMG 1 Pay attention to the amount of fluids consumed | 5.32 (1.95) | 5.86 (.990) | |
| SMG2 Make sure to drink enough fluids consistently throughout the day | 5.18 (1.63) | 5.45 (1.22) | |
| SMG3 Make sure to drink enough fluids consistently throughout the day | 5.68 (1.68) | 5.86 (1.61) | |
| SMG4 Keep track of fluid intake amount by writing it down | 1.46 (1.45) | 2.00 (1.75) | |
| SMG5 Pay attention to the urine such as color, odor and amount of urine | 6.21 (1.29) | 6.27 (1.03) | |
| SMG6 Pay attention to early signs of UTI | 5.96 (1.58) | 6.14 (1.36) | |
| SMG7 Contact the healthcare provider if an intermittent catheterization problem seems to be starting (such as UTI or blood in urine) | 5.82 (1.74) | 5.57 (1.63) | |
| SMG8 Ask the healthcare provided to assist with getting more or different types of catheters and supplies as needed | 4.89 (2.33) | 5.23 (2.07) | |
| SMG9 Write down information about IC related problems | 2.43 (2.20) | 3.00 (2.41) | |
| SMG10 Use the written information to make decisions about catheterization management | 2.64 (2.30) | 3.18 (2.52) | |
| SMG11 Plan for going out of the house by knowing where bathrooms are | 4.93 (2.23) | 5.50 (1.74) | |
| SMG12 Talk with other people to get support when the catheterizations are causing problems | 3.39 (2.44) | 3.82 (1.94) | |
| SMG13 Make adjustments for sex | 3.54 (2.44) | 4.48 (2.60) | |
| SMG14 Prevent serious symptoms of Autonomic Dysreflexia by recognizing early symptoms, taking action | 4.86 (2.38 | 5.19 (2.29) | |
| SMG15 Perform IC as often as you are supposed to do it (decided by your physician or a decision that both of you made) | 6.04 (1.23) | 5.68 (2.03) | |
| SMG16 Instead of doing IC, use absorbent products when social or other activities keep you from bathroom access*(reverse scored) | 5.18 (2.44) | 5.45 (2.22) | |
| SMG17(reverse scored) Instead of doing IC, skip it because it is too time consuming*(reverse scored) | 6.61 (1.10) | 6.64 (1.09) | |
| SMG18 Instead of doing IC, don’t go to social event if bathroom access is a concern*(reverse scored) | 4.8 (2.14) | 5.00 (1.83) | |
| SMG19 Instead of doing IC as often as I should, I do it less often because I worry about its effect on my bladder health*(reverse scored) | 6.21 (1.66) | 6.81 (.40) | |
| QOL Pinder et al. Psychological well- being scale (6 items) On a scale of 0–4, please tell us whether you agree or disagree with each of the following 6 questions related to your intermittent catheter, from strongly agree to strongly disagree. (Higher numbers indicate greater satisfaction/QOL) | 13.02 (6.91) | 13.86 (6.45) | 13.86 (6.45) P=.882 |
| P1 I am Self-conscious about need to self-catheterize | 1.79 (1.55) | 1.82 (1.53) | |
| P2 I would feel embarrassed if people saw catheter in its packet | 2.57 (1.55) | 2.82 (1.37) | |
| P3 My need to use a catheter sometimes makes me feel embarrassed | 2.29 (1.49) | 2.59 (1.56) | |
| P4 I worry that catheter doesn’t always empty bladder fully | 2.54 (1.29) | 2.29 (1.38) | |
| P5 My need to use catheters stops from visiting friends & family as often as likes | 2.32 (1.49) | 2.41 (1.56) | |
| P6 I worry about the risk of long term problems from using my catheter | 1.82 (1.49) | 1.91 (1.38) |
*
Indicates reverse scoring for single items in the Self-management Scale.