Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the participants
| Characteristic | Overall | Women | Men | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of subjects | 6,045 | 3,744 (61.9) | 2,301 (38.1) | |
| Age, yr | 73.0 ± 5.5 | 73.5 ± 5.6 | 72.3 ± 5.2 | < 0.001 |
| Age group, yr | < 0.001 | |||
| 65-69 | 1,792 (29.6) | 1,006 (26.9) | 786 (34.2) | |
| 70-79 | 3,447 (57.0) | 2,149 (57.4) | 1,298 (56.4) | |
| ≥ 80 | 806 (13.3) | 589 (15.7) | 217 (9.4) | |
| Hypertension | 5,485 (90.7) | 3,435 (91.7) | 2,050 (89.1) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 2,832 (46.8) | 1,673 (44.7) | 1,159 (50.4) | < 0.001 |
| Current smoker | 420 (6.9) | 43 (1.1) | 377 (16.4) | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.6 ± 3.3 | 24.9 ± 3.4 | 24.3 ± 3.1 | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 127 ± 13 | 127 ± 13 | 127 ± 13 | 0.134 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 77 ± 9 | 76 ± 8 | 77 ± 9 | 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c | 7.0 ± 1.3 | 7.1 ± 1.3 | 7.0 ± 1.3 | 0.470 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 |
| Urine microalbumin to creatinine ratio, mg/g | 49.6 ± 360.8 | 49.0 ± 429.4 | 50.7 ± 203.3 | 0.604 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 78.0 ± 51.6 | 78.0 ± 37.2 | 77.8 ± 68.9 | 0.988 |
| Albuminuria | 1,355 (22.6) | 842 (22.6) | 513 (22.6) | 0.980 |
| eGFR catergory | 0.067 | |||
| ≥ 90 | 1,440 (23.8) | 926 (24.7) | 514 (22.3) | |
| 60-89 | 3,111 (51.5) | 1,883 (50.3) | 1,228 (53.4) | |
| 30-59 | 1,417 (23.4) | 893 (23.8) | 524 (22.8) | |
| 15-29 | 57 (0.9) | 32 (0.9) | 25 (1.1) | |
| < 15 | 20 (0.3) | 10 (0.3) | 10 (0.4) | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2,392 (39.6) | 1,508 (40.3) | 884 (38.4) | 0.151 |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean ± SD.
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.