Table I.

Main characteristics of included studies summarized for the meta-analysis

Year	First author	Country	Ethnicity	Study design	Tuberculosis Part of the body	Sample size Cases/controls	Diagnosis method	Genotyping method	Controls source	HIV status	Age, gender	Diabetes status
2014	Arji	Morocco	Arab or Berber	PB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	274/203	AFB smear and culture	PCR-RFLP	Healthy persons	Negative	Matched	Negative
2014	Mahmoud	Egypt	Egyptian	PB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	40/25	AFB smear and culture	PCR-RFLP	Healthy persons	Not available	Matched	Negative
2014	Sinaga	Indonesian	Indonesian Batak	PB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	76/76	Clinical evaluation, AFB smear and chest radiography	PCR-RFLP	Healthy health workers, tuberculin skin test positivity (61.7%)	Negative	Matched	Negative
2013	Wu	China	Chinese Kazakh	PB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	213/211	Clinical symptoms bacteriology X-ray	PCR-RFLP	Healthy persons	Negative	Matched	Negative
2013	Joshi	India	Indian	PB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	110/225	AFB smear	PCR-RFLP	Household contacts (110) and healthy persons (115)	Negative	Matched	Negative
2012	Rathored	India	Indian	PB	MDR tuberculosis and drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis	692/205	AFB smear and culture	PCR-RFLP	Healthy persons	Negative	Matched	Negative
2011	Kim	South Korean	Korean	PB	Pulmonary (98) and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (62)	160/156	AFB smear and culture	Pyro sequencing	Healthy persons	Not available	Matched	Not available
2011	Kang	South Korean	Korean	PB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	103/105	AFB smear and culture	PCR-RFLP	Healthy persons	Not available	Matched	Not available
2011	Singh	India	Indo-Caucasian Brahmin caste	HB, PB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	101/225	AFB smear or culture	PCR-RFLP	Healthy persons	Negative	Not matched	Not available
2011	Sharma	India	Indian	PB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	474/607	AFB smear or culture	PCR-RFLP	Healthy persons	Not available	Matched	Not available
2011	Ates	Turkey	Anatolian	PB	Pulmonary (98) and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (30)	128/80	AFB smear or culture	PCR-RFLP	Healthy persons	Not available	Matched	Not available
2010	Marashian	Iran	Iranian	HB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	164/50	AFB smear and X-ray	PCR-RFLP	Contacts	Not available	Matched	Not available
2010	Zhang	China	Chinese Han	PB	Spinal tuberculosis	110/102	Postoperative pathology	PCR-RFLP	Unrelated contacts	Negative	Matched	Negative
2009	Banoei	Iran	Iranian	PB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	60/62	Confirmed in Massih Daneshvari	PCR-RFLP	Healthy subjects	Negative	Matched	Negative
2009	Merza	Iran	Iranian	HB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	117/60	AFB smear and X-ray	PCR-RFLP	Contacts	Not available	Matched	Not available
2009	Vidyarani	India	Dravidian	PB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	40/49	AFB smear and culture	PCR-RFLP	Normal healthy subjects	Not available	Matched	Not available
2009	Selvaraj	India	Indian	HB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	65/60	Clinical symptom, AFB smear and culture	PCR-RFLP	Healthy subjects	Negative	Matched	Not available
2009	Alagarasu	India	Dravidian	HB	Pulmonary (187) and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (30)	217/144	AFB smear, clinical criteria and X-ray	PCR-RFLP	Healthy controls	Cases (51%), controls (0)	Matched	Not available
2008	Selvaraj	India	Dravidian	HB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	51/60	AFB smear and culture	PCR-RFLP	Normal healthy subjects	Negative	Matched	Not available
2008	Liu	China	Chinese Han	PB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	60/30	AFB smear and culture	SNaPshot	Normal healthy subjects	Negative	Matched	Negative
2007	Wilbur	Paraguay	Ache, Chiripa, GuaranÍ	PB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	54/124	Clinical symptoms, PPD test	PCR-RFLP	No symptoms	Not available	Not available	Not available
2007	Olesen	Guinea-Bissau	Papel, Manjaco, Mancanha, Balanta, Fulani, Mandinka and others	PB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	320/344	AFB smear and clinical criteria	TaqMan	Healthy controls	HIV positive in 33% of cases and negative in controls	Gender not matched	Not available
2007	Babb	South Africa	South African	HB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	249/352	AFB smear and X-ray	PCR-RFLP	No clinical history or symptoms of TB	Negative	Not available	Not available
2007	Soborg	Tanzania	Tanzanian	HB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	435/416	Culture	PCR-SSP	Culture negative	HIV positive in 44% of cases and 18% of controls	Gender not matched	Not available
2006	Chen XR	China	Chinese Tibetans	PB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	140/139	Clinical symptoms, AFB smear and X-ray	PCR-RFLP	Household contacts	Negative	Matched	Negative
2006	Lombard	Venda	Venda	HB	Pulmonary and meningeal tuberculosis	66/86	AFB smear	ARMS-PCR	Healthy controls with no history of TB	Negative	Not available	Not available
2004	Bornman	Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea	Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea	HB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	416/718	AFB or culture	PCR-RFLP	Healthy community control subjects	Cases (12.5%), controls (6.8%)	Matched	Not available
2004	Selvaraja	India	Indian	HB	Spinal tuberculosis patients	64/103	X-ray and clinical criteria	PCR-RFLP	77 were contacts and 26 were normal healthy subjects	Not available	Matched	Not available
2004	Selvarajb	India	Indian	HB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	46/64	AFB smear, culture and radiographic abnormalities	PCR-RFLP	Clinically normal	Negative	Matched	Not available
2004	Roth	Peru	Amerindian	PB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	100/201	AFB smear	PCR-RFLP	Two healthy controls, 1 PPD + and 1 PPD–	Negative	Matched	Not available
2004	Liu	China	Chinese Han	PB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	120/240	AFB smear, culture and X-ray	PCR-RFLP	Normal controls	Negative	Not available	Negative
2004	Liu	China	Chinese Han	PB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	76/171	Culture and X-ray	PCR-RFLP	Normal controls	Not available	Matched	Negative
2003	Selvaraj	India	Indian	HB	Pulmonary tuberculosis	120/80	Culture	PCR-RFLP	Patient contacts	Not available	Matched	Not available
2000	Wilkinson	India	Gujarati	HB	Pulmonary tuberculosis (27) and military tuberculosis (64)	91/116	Biopsy or culture Tuberculosis	PCR-RFLP	Contacts with no TB	Negative	Gender not matched	Not available

PB – population-based, HB – hospital-based, AFB – acid-fast bacilli, HIV – human immunodeficiency virus, MDR – multi-drug resistance for isoniazid and rifampicin, PPD – purified protein derivative, SNPs – single nucleotide polymorphism, TB – tuberculosis, PCR-RFLP – polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism.