Table 4.

Strengths of morph‐ and species‐dependent asymmetries for the same reproductive barriers between Primula elatior and Primula vulgaris included in Table 3. Absolute values of the asymmetries were calculated following Lowry et al. (2008), with values <0.15 indicating symmetric barriers, values ≥0.15 indicating asymmetric barriers, and values >0.5 indicating highly asymmetric barriers (see Lowry et al. 2008)

	Stages in life cycle	Barrier name	Asymmetry between morphs		Asymmetry between species
			P. elatior	P. vulgaris	L‐morph	S‐morph
Premating	Distribution	RIecogeo	–		0.237
	Flowering	RIphenoP	–		0.180
	Pollen transfer	RImech	0.373	0.294	0.058	0.137
Postmating	Formation of F1 hybrids	RIseedling	0.098	0.396	0.507	0.209
	Survivorship of F1 hybrids	RIsurvivorship	–		0.151
	Reproduction of F1 hybrids	RIphenoF1	–		0.090
		RIflower	–		0.069
		RIseed set	0.208	0.094	0.339	0.225
		RImale	0.035	0.370	0.466	0.131
Total	Premating	RIpre	0.069	0.071	0.082	0.084
	Postmating	RIpost	0.070	0.540	0.885	0.275
	Pre‐ and postmating	RItot	0.030	0.135	0.109	0.004
	Pre‐ and postmating without RIecogeo	RIsympatry	0.218	0.362	0.666	0.522

L, long styled; S, short styled; –, not applicable.