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Two alternative routes for pore formation in actinoporins. The binding of the water-soluble monomer to the cell or model membranes leads to a lytic (active) pore by at least two alternative routes, as shown in the figure. Top, formation of a non-lytic oligomer (prepore) precedes insertion into the membrane (20). Bottom, insertion of the N-terminal region into the membrane occurs prior to oligomerization of the functional pore (21).
