Table 4.
Quantification of water soluble endogenous antioxidants levels in various test groups
| Parameters (μmol/L) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groups | Cystine | Cysteine | Homo-cysteine | Methio-nine | Glutathione reduced | Glutathione oxidized | GSH/GSSG | N- acetyl cysteine | |
| Baseline | 52.95 ± 1.68 | 13.66 ± 0.87 | 8.72 ± 0.87 | 38.05 ± 1.55 | 3.75 ± 0.384 | 0.87 ± 0.037 | 4.42 ± 0.085 | 4.57 ± 0.457 | |
| After 2 weeks of CHO-dosing | 93.35 ± 3.81 | 14.31 ± 1.09 | 9.08 ± 0.96 | 34.97 ± 1.77 | 4.13 ± 0.245 | 1.25 ± 0.041 | 3.26 ± 0.067 | 4.38 ± 0.441 | |
| Observed changes after 90 days of treatment in groups | |||||||||
| 1 | Blank control | 60.37 ± 2.60 | 14.70 ± 1.49 | 8.56 ± 1.31 | 39.23 ± 1.88 | 3.78 ± 0.41 | 0.92 ± 0.029 | 4.18 ± 0.12 | 4.49 ± 0.429 |
| 2 | Disease control | 120.8 ± 6.41 | 42.36 ± 2.62 | 14.78 ± 1.49 | 19.30 ± 1.18 | 3.01 ± 0.28 | 1.44 ± 0.041 | 2.12 ± 0.058 | 3.73 ± 0.412 |
| 3 | Atorvastatin | *** 79.59 ± 4.25 |
ns 36.70 ± 2.29 |
* 12.09 ± 1.63 |
ns 19.85 ± 1.26 |
** 3.38 ± 0.38 |
ns 1.35 ± 0.057 |
* 2.55 ± 0.081 |
* 3.83 ± 0.396 |
| 4 | Proanthocyanidins (OPC) | *** 84.36 ± 3.39 |
ns 34.84 ± 2.13 |
* 11.44 ± 1.06 |
* 24.73 ± 1.04 |
** 3.38 ± 0.42 |
** 1.20 ± 0.049 |
** 2.83 ± 0.065 |
* 3.86 ± 0.404 |
| 5 | Nicotinic acid (NA) | ** 101.35 ± 3.89 |
ns 38.94 ± 1.95 |
* 12.85 ± 1.45 |
ns 20.51 ± 0.68 |
* 3.32 ± 0.41 |
* 1.24 ± 0.045 |
* 2.65 ± 0.090 |
ns 3.68 ± 0.416 |
| 6 | Pterostilbene (PT) | ** 98.81 ± 5.42 |
ns 36.75 ± 2.13 |
* 11.76 ± 1.12 |
ns 21.88 ± 1.16 |
ns 3.20 ± 0.42 |
ns 1.29 ± 0.041 |
* 2.51 ± 0.092 |
ns 3.80 ± 0.351 |
| 7 | OPC: NA (70:30) | *** 87.23 ± 2.94 |
* 33.51 ± 1.41 |
** 10.87 ± 1.21 |
*** 29.83 ± 1.04 |
*** 3.60 ± 0.39 |
* 1.23 ± 0.045 |
** 2.90 ± 0.14 |
ns 3.77 ± 0.306 |
| 8 | OPC: PT (70:30) | *** 83.77 ± 4.53 |
** 31.42 ± 2.37 |
* 11.34 ± 1.27 |
** 26.42 ± 0.87 |
*** 3.55 ± 0.45 |
** 1.19 ± 0.037 |
** 2.97 ± 0.082 |
** 3.95 ± 0.416 |
| 9 | NA: PT (70:30) | *** 94.52 ± 3.39 |
** 31.88 ± 1.88 |
* 11.92 ± 1.06 |
*** 30.12 ± 1.32 |
*** 3.57 ± 0.36 |
ns 1.28 ± 0.053 |
* 2.78 ± 0.15 |
ns 3.74 ± 0.339 |
| 10 | OPC: NA: PT (50:30:20) | *** 77.44 ± 3.87 |
*** 29.72 ± 1.46 |
** 10.09 ± 1.39 |
*** 35.08 ± 1.60 |
*** 3.82 ± 0.47 |
*** 1.12 ± 0.057 |
*** 3.40 ± 0.097 |
*** 4.14 ± 0.449 |
| 11 | OPC: NA: PT (50:20:30) | *** 79.75 ± 3.89 |
*** 30.45 ± 1.59 |
** 10.64 ± 1.13 |
*** 28.58 ± 0.84 |
*** 3.77 ± 0.48 |
*** 1.17 ± 0.041 |
*** 3.25 ± 0.069 |
*** 4.21 ± 0.425 |
| 12 | OPC: NA: PT (20:50:30) | *** 85.80 ± 3.05 |
*** 29.35 ± 1.93 |
** 11.17 ± 1.02 |
** 25.65 ± 1.23 |
*** 3.59 ± 0.45 |
*** 1.14 ± 0.049 |
** 3.15 ± 0.083 |
** 4.08 ± 0.400 |
For a group of six animals, the lipid profiles were calculated as mean ± SEM. Treatment groups were compared with the disease control using ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s test (*p <0.05, ** p <0.01, ***p <0.001)