Table 2.
Main outcome summary. Group 1 received the intervention first and Group 2 was the waitlist control. Group 2 received the intervention after the 7-week measures were collected
| OutcomeS | Group | Baseline level, mean (SD) | 7-week change (95 % CI) | 6-Month follow-up change (95 % CI) | 7-week effects (change comparison between groups) | 6-Month follow-up effects (change from pre-intervention all individuals) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t | p Value | Effect size | t | p Value | Effect size | ||||||
| Parkinson’s symptoms | PDQ39-SI | Intervention group | 22.2 (12.4) | −0.54 (−3.41 to 2.32) | −0.89 (−3.71 to 1.93) | −0.59 | - | −1.42 | 0.16 | - | |
| Wait-list control | 26.8 (17.5) | −1.53 (−3.64 to 0.57) | −2.54 (−6.76 to 1.67) | ||||||||
| PDQ39-ADL | Intervention group | 20.8 (14.6) | −2.43 (−8.11 to 3.25) | −2.54 (−6.87 to 1.80) | 0.15 | 0.89 | - | −1.80 | 0.04 b,a | 0.23b (small) | |
| Wait-list control | 26.9 (23.6) | −2.02 (−4.66 to 0.62) | −4.17(−10.75 to 2.42) | ||||||||
| Mindfulness | FMI | Intervention group | 37.1 (8.2) | 4.88 (1.95 to 7.80)a | 0.95 (−1.91 to 3.82) | −3.02 | <0.01a | 0.61 (medium) | 2.35 | 0.02a | 0.32 (small) |
| Wait-list control | 34.5 (8.8) | −1.06 (−3.81 to 1.68) | 4.74 (0.67 to 8.81) | ||||||||
| Depression (D) Anxiety (A) Stress (S) |
DASS-D | Intervention group | 4.50 (5.22) | 1.92 (0.201 to 3.63)a | 0.78 (−0.90 to 2.47) | −0.66 | 0.51 | - | −0.62 | 0.54 | - |
| Wait-list control | 7.19 (7.83) | 1.06 (−0.84 to 2.97) | −1.75 (−4.63 to 1.13) | ||||||||
| DASS-A | Intervention group | 7.58 (4.79) | 0.33 (−1.67 to 2.34) | −0.26 (−1.79 to 1.27) | −0.62 | 0.54 | - | −0.89 | 0.38 | - | |
| Wait-list control | 9.81 (7.56) | −0.63 (−2.92 to 1.67) | −0.92 (−3.21 to 1.38) | ||||||||
| DASS-S | Intervention group | 8.78 (6.35) | 2.17 (0.12 to 4.23)a | −1.0 (−2.89 to 0.89) | −2.61 | 0.01a | 0.32 (small) | −1.80 | 0.04 b,a | 0.27b (small) | |
| Wait-list control | 12.44 (9.65) | −1.63 (−3.68 to 0.43) | −1.42 (−3.58 to 0.75) | ||||||||
| Locus of control: Internal (I) Chance (C) Doctors (D) Powerful Others (O) |
LOC-I | Intervention group | 19.6 (5.5) | 0.13 (−1.79 to 2.04) | 0.91 (−1.92 to 3.75) | 0.99 | 0.33 | - | 0.07 | 0.94 | - |
| Wait-list control | 16.5 (5.5) | 1.5 (−0.50 to 3.50) | −0.78 (−3.19 to 1.62) | ||||||||
| LOC-C | Intervention group | 16.0 (7.2) | 1.33 (−1.09 to 3.76) | 1.14 (−1.83 to 4.10) | −1.69 | 0.10 | - | 0.73 | 0.47 | - | |
| Wait-list control | 18.6 (6.4) | −1.09 (−2.88 to 0.70) | 0.39 (−2.75 to 3.53) | ||||||||
| LOC-D | Intervention group | 12.7 (3.7) | 0.63 (−0.88 to 2.13) | 0.22 (−1.11 to 1.56) | −1.80 | 0.04 b,a | 0.28b (small) | 0.39 | 0.70 | - | |
| Wait-list control | 11.8 (3.3) | −0.91 (−1.98 to 0.16) | 0.16 (−1.34 to 1.66) | ||||||||
| LOC-O | Intervention group | 8.0 (3.7) | 0.13 (−1.38 to 1.63) | 0.23 (−1.30 to 1.76) | 0.064 | 0.95 | - | 0.40 | 0.69 | - | |
| Wait-list control | 8.0 (3.0) | 0.18 (−0.93 to 1.29) | 0.17 (−1.21 to 1.54) | ||||||||
| Exercise (hours) | Intervention group | 1.4 (2.0) | 0.38 (−0.22 to 0.97) | −0.28 (−1.14 to 0.58) | −1.03 | 0.31 | - | 0.6717 | 0.50 | - | |
| Wait-list control | 1.7 (2.4) | −0.32 (−1.41 to 0.77) | 0.86 (−0.54 to 2.25) | ||||||||
| Nutrition (fruit serves/day) | Intervention group | 2.2 (1.2) | 0 (−.41 to 0.41) | 0.32 (−0.05 to 0.69) | 0.68 | 0.50 | - | −1.80 | 0.04 b,a | 0.28 (small) | |
| Wait-list control | 2.4 (1.3) | 0.21 (−0.24 to 0.66) | 0.29 (−0.31 to 0.90) | ||||||||
asignificant finding. b one-sided finding. Effect size is the Cohen's d: small ≥ .20, medium ≥ .50, large ≥ .80