Table 1.
Demographic and lifestyle characteristics and baseline cognitive performance within the three intervention groups
| Variable | CT (n = 16) | PT (n = 18) | WLC (n = 20) | Statistic | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age: M (SD) | 70.2 (5.8) | 73.7 (6.2) | 70.3 (5.5) | F (2,51) = 2.11 | 0.13 |
| Gender: male / female | 8 / 8 | 6 / 12 | 10 / 10 | χ 2(2) = 1.35 | 0.51 |
| Education in years: M (SD) | 13.3 (4.0) | 14.2 (3.0) | 15.2 (3.7) | F(2,51) = 1.18 | 0.32 |
| MMSE: M (SD) | 27.8 (2.6) | 27.8 (1.7) | 28.2 (2.2) | F(2,51) = 0.14 | 0.87 |
| WST z-score: M (SD) | 0.64 (0.57) | 0.69 (0.96) | 1.01 (0.92) | F(2,51) = 1.07 | 0.35 |
| Global cognition: M (SD) | 0.08 (0.64) | 0.04 (0.62) | -0.10 (0.82) | F(2,51) = 0.33 | 0.72 |
| Memory: M (SD) | -0.02 (0.83) | 0.16 (0.67) | -0.11 (0.98) | F(2,51) = 0.48 | 0.62 |
| Attention / executive functions: M (SD) | 0.19 (0.64) | -0.08 (0.75) | -0.08 (0.78) | F(2,51) = 0.75 | 0.48 |
| Number of reported activities: M (SD) | 8.4 (3.4) | 8.7 (2.5) | 9.3 (2.5) | F(2,49) = 0.39 | 0.68 |
| Variety of activitiesa: M (SD) | 0.27 (0.13) | 0.28 (0.09) | 0.30 (0.09) | F(2,49) = 0.60 | 0.55 |
| Antidementive medication: no / yes | 11 / 5 | 17 / 1 | 18 / 2 | χ 2(4) = 5.80 | 0.21 |
| Antidepressants: no / yes | 15 / 1 | 18 / 0 | 19 / 1 | χ 2(2) = 1.08 | 0.58 |
Depicted are means (M) and standard deviations (SD) in parentheses
CT Cognitive training group, PT Physical training group, WLC Wait-list control group, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, WST German vocabulary test as a measure for premorbid intelligence, dementia probable dementia
aAverage score of physical, cognitive, and social activities domain scores, which represent the proportion of performed activities in relation to the possible number of activities in the respective domain