Table 2.
Unadjusted associations of peripregnancy abuse (IPV, ILV, and GBHM) and maternal health outcomes, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (N = 1,049)
| Total sample N = 1,049 % (n) | Prenatal care in first trimester (n = 485) % OR (95 % CI) |
No weight gain during pregnancy (n = 83) % OR (95 % CI) |
Pain during intercourse (n = 163) % OR (95 % CI) |
High blood pressure (n = 113) % OR (95 % CI) |
Vaginal bleeding (n = 92) % OR (95 % CI) |
Premature rupture of membranes (n = 113) % OR (95 % CI) |
Premature birth (n = 144) % OR (95 % CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peripregnancy IPV | ||||||||
| Any | 34.0 (353) | 41.3 | 10.7 | 22.1 | 12.2 | 11.1 | 13.6 | 14.2 |
| 0.66 (0.51–0.86) | 1.68 (1.07–2.65) | 2.03 (1.45–2.85) | 1.16 (0.77–1.74) | 1.48 (0.96–2.29) | 1.53 (1.03–2.28) | 1.08 (0.75–1.57) | ||
| Nonea | 66.0 (685) | 51.4 | 6.7 | 12.3 | 10.7 | 7.7 | 9.3 | 13.3 |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Peripregnancy ILV | ||||||||
| Any | 4.8 (50) | 26.0 | 16.7 | 28.0 | 14.6 | 14.0 | 18.0 | 14.0 |
| 0.40 (0.21–0.76) | 2.54 (1.16–5.55) | 2.25 (1.19–4.26) | 1.45 (0.64–3.26) | 1.82 (0.81–4.11) | 1.96 (0.93–4.11) | 1.10 (0.49–2.45) | ||
| Nonea | 95.2 (988) | 47.4 | 7.6 | 15.0 | 11.0 | 8.6 | 10.4 | 13.6 |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Peripregnancy GBHM | ||||||||
| Any | 48.5 (503) | 39.4 | 10.3 | 19.1 | 12.8 | 11.5 | 13.9 | 12.3 |
| 0.58 (0.45–0.74) | 1.83 (1.16–2.91) | 1.67 (1.19–2.35) | 1.36 (0.92–2.01) | 1.91 (1.23–2.96) | 1.89 (1.26–2.82) | 0.81 (0.57–1.16) | ||
| Nonea | 51.5 (535) | 52.9 | 5.9 | 12.3 | 9.8 | 6.4 | 7.9 | 14.8 |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
aReferent group is no IPV/ILV/GBHM
All bolded statistics are signficant at p < .05