Table 1.
Characteristics of study population (n = 97)
| Overall | Quartile of neighbourhood walkabilitya | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | ||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| Age, years | 59.5 (10.5) | 60.6 (12.5) | 58.8 (7.9) | 57.7 (11.0) | 60.6 (10.5) |
| Body mass index, kg/m 2 | 31.5 (4.5) | 32.2 (4.9) | 32.6 (4.9) | 30.9 (4.0) | 30.5 (3.9) |
| Time since diabetes diagnosis, years | 10.3 (7.6) | 9.9 (8.3) | 9.6 (8.3) | 10.8 (5.7) | 11.1 (8.0) |
| Years at current residential address | 18.9 (13.9) | 22.9 (14.1) | 15.9 (10.8) | 20.1 (14.4) | 17.0 (15.7) |
| Daily steps, count | 4980 (2798) | 4261 (1970) | 5957 (3214) | 4256 (2548) | 5359 (3026) |
| Residential self-selection | 0.001 (0.93) | −0.48 (0.71) | −0.12 (0.90) | 0.06 (0.85) | 0.53 (0.96) |
| Valid wear time, days | 5.9 (1.0) | 6.0 (1.0) | 5.8 (1.1) | 5.6 (0.9) | 6.0 (1.1) |
| Total valid monitoring wear-time overall, hours | 86.1 (21.1) | 90.6 (21.0) | 84.3 (21.8) | 83.7 (20.3) | 85.9 (21.7) |
| Total valid monitoring wear-time in neighbourhoods, hours | 1.7 (2.8) | 0.8 (0.5) | 1.5 (1.3) | 2.6 (5.3) | 1.9 (1.5) |
| Time in neighbourhood, % | 1.9 (2.4) | 0.8 (0.6) | 1.9 (2.1) | 2.6 (3.7) | 2.3 (2.0) |
| Total VeDBA | |||||
| Overall | 615,687 (240,065) | 601,822 (292,986) | 619,913 (218,942) | 611,492 (229,354) | 628,632 (227,385) |
| In residential neighbourhoods (excluding home) | 26,113 (39,149) | 12,021 (13,781) | 23,811 (27,747) | 36,999 (67,888) | 31,929 (24,518) |
| % | % | % | % | % | |
| Women | 43.3 | 33.3 | 32.0 | 60.9 | 48.0 |
| Married/common-law | 69.1 | 70.8 | 68.0 | 73.9 | 64.0 |
| University education | 53.6 | 70.8 | 60.0 | 30.4 | 52.0 |
| Employed | 61.9 | 58.3 | 64.0 | 65.2 | 60.0 |
| Immigrant | 51.6 | 45.8 | 44.0 | 56.5 | 60.0 |
| Depressed mood | 30.9 | 29.2 | 16.0 | 43.5 | 36.0 |
| Dog ownership | 16.5 | 29.2 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 12.0 |
| Ever smoker | 44.3 | 54.2 | 48.0 | 26.1 | 48.0 |
| Insulin use | 30.9 | 33.3 | 20.0 | 26.1 | 44.0 |
| Car access | 74.2 | 91.7 | 80.0 | 60.9 | 64.0 |
| Spring/summer assessment (versus fall/winter) | 40.2 | 33.3 | 24.0 | 47.8 | 56.0 |
aQuartile cut-offs for the GIS-derived walkability index: Quartile 1: < −1.91 (n = 24); Quartile 2: ≥ − 1.91 < −0.04 (n = 25); Quartile 3: ≥ − 0.04 < 1.40 (n = 23); Quartile 4: ≥1.40 (n = 25); Neighbourhood walkability was based on polygonal-shaped buffers