Table 2.

Examples of interlimb coordination-related protocols and measures used in motor control neuroscience

Paradigm	Methods	Reported measure (s) of interlimb coordination
Circle or ellipse drawing	• Trace large circles with finger tips on horizontal plane • Pacing with auditory signal • 4 conditions: both clockwise, both counter-clockwise, both inwards, and both outwards [26]	• Difference in uniformity of relative tangential angle • Difference in circular variance • Difference in frequency deviation • Differences in variability of frequency • Uniformity of discrete relative phase • Aspect ratio • Difference in spatial variability
	• Trace circles by moving crank arms on horizontal plane • Increasing tracing speed, from slow to fast • Distortion of visual feedback of one arm • 2 conditions: mirror symmetric starting at the same points or on opposite sides of circle [13]	• Relative angle
	• Trace large circles with finger tips on horizontal plane • Pacing with visual signal; 2 frequencies • 2 conditions: both inwards, and both counter-clockwise • Continuous tracing or with pause between each completed circle [84]	• Difference in uniformity of relative tangential angle • Aspect ratio • Difference in spatial error
Bilateral point-to-point movements	• Forward movements in horizontal plane • Targets stationary or moved when hand exceeds threshold velocity • Targets visually misrepresented closer or farther away from true target location • Gaze on non-target location [27]	• Difference in endpoint error • Difference in movement duration • Difference in size of on-line adjustment • Difference in onset of on-line adjustment • Lateral spatial separation
	• Forward or outward movements in horizontal plane • Targets stationary • Targets visually represented directly or through symbolic cues (i.e., letters) [56]	• Difference in reaction time • Difference in movement time
	• Draw back-and-forth lines • a vertical line task in the left limb, and a star task in the right limb (either separately or simultaneously) • Movements were restricted to the shoulder and elbow [85]	• Mean and standard deviation of orientation of each line drawing with respect to the horizontal reference position
Bilateral (physically) coupled movements	• Forward and backward movements in horizontal plane • Hands on ends of rigid bar that rotates around midpoint • Move bar without rotating [86, 87]	• Balance error • Average stopping field
	• Movements in horizontal plane • Hands on ends of stiff bar (can elongate or compress) virtually rendered between manipulandums • Transport virtual ball, that can roll along the bar, to static targets [88]	• Absolute tilt • Difference in reaction time • Change in bar length • Difference in hand speed • Difference in hand speed peaks • Difference in hand path length