Table 2.
Predictors of in-hospital mortality (univariate and multivariate analysis)
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | HR | [95 % C.I. for HR] | P-value | HR | [95 % C.I. for HR] | P-value |
| Age (year) | 1.692 | (1.152, 2.486) | 0.007 | 1.020 | (1.01, 1.03) | 0.007 |
| Gender (Male/Female) | 1.102 | (0.849, 1.430) | 0.464 | |||
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 1.004 | (0.999, 1.009) | 0.152 | |||
| SBP (mmHg) | 0.997 | (0.993, 1.001) | 0.177 | |||
| DBP (mmHg) | 0.995 | (0.988, 1.003) | 0.223 | |||
| Rales | 1.709 | (1.317, 2.218) | <0.001 | 1.500 | (1.065, 2.114) | 0.02 |
| PND | 0.526 | (0.131, 2.121) | 0.367 | |||
| Orthopnea | 0.645 | (0.359, 1.160) | 0.143 | |||
| NYHA FC (III-IV) | 1.980 | (1.436, 2.433) | <0.001 | 1.662 | (1.288, 3.052) | 0.002 |
| Peripheral edema | 0.824 | (0.595, 1.141) | 0.243 | |||
| QRS duration (ms) | 1.007 | (1.002, 1.012) | 0.007 | 1.010 | (1.001, 1.01) | 0.023 |
| LVEF (%) | 1.002 | (0.988, 1.015) | 0.812 | |||
| Cardiomegaly | 1.505 | (1.151, 1.969) | 0.003 | 0.945 | (0.617, 1.448) | 0.796 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 0.999 | (0.998, 1.001) | 0.359 | |||
| HbA1c (%) | 0.801 | (0.627, 1.023) | 0.076 | |||
| Total bilirubin (mg/dl) | 1.052 | (1.009, 1.098) | 0.018 | 1.037 | (0.978, 1.099) | 0.222 |
| GPT (u/l) | 1.000 | (0.998, 1.001) | 0.618 | |||
| Urine acid (mg/dl) | 1.046 | (0.994, 1.101) | 0.081 | |||
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.106 | (0.939, 1.304) | 0.227 | |||
| GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 1.000 | (0.996, 1.005) | 0.833 | |||
| Potassium (meq/l) | 1.262 | (1.109, 1.436) | <0.001 | 1.125 | (0.939, 1.347) | 0.202 |
| Sodium (meq/l) | 0.978 | (0.961, 0.995) | 0.010 | 1.000 | (0.973, 1.027) | 0.979 |
| Troponin (ng/ml) | 1.004 | (0.963, 1.046) | 0.864 | |||
| BNP (>100/≤100) | 2.486 | (1.218, 5.071) | 0.012 | 2.170 | (1.145, 6.640) | 0.024 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 0.904 | (0.856, 0.954) | <0.001 | 0.971 | (0.901, 1.046) | 0.433 |
| CHF | 0.779 | (0.600, 1.012) | 0.161 | |||
| Hypertension | 0.672 | (0.517, 0.872) | 0.303 | |||
| Diabetes | 0.770 | (0.587, 1.009) | 0.158 | |||
| CAD | 0.801 | (0.558, 1.149) | 0.228 | |||
| CKD | 0.565 | (0.380, 0.839) | 0.505 | |||
| Dyslipidemia | 1.321 | (0.967, 1.806) | 0.180 | |||
| Stroke | 0.942 | (0.673, 1.317) | 0.726 | |||
| A-fib | 0.455 | (0.306, 0.676) | 0.101 | |||
| Anemia | 0.655 | (0.394, 1.089) | 0.103 | |||
| Hepatitis | 1.351 | (0.666, 2.739) | 0.404 | |||
Abbreviations: SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, PND paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, NYHA FC New York Heart Association functional class, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, GPT glutamate pyruvate transaminase, GFR glomerular filtration rate, BNP B-type natriuretic peptide, CHF chronic heart failure, CAD coronary artery disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, A-fib atrial fibrillation