The association between attachment disturbance and limbic irritability in adulthood was mediated by adjusted left amygdala volume. The values in the figure are r coefficients (bootstrap standard error) for each path. Path a1, direct effect of attachment disturbance on left amygdala volume. Path b1, direct effect of left amygdala volume on limbic irritability. Path cā, direct effect of attachment disturbance on limbic irritability. Path c, total effect of attachment disturbance on limbic irritability. Indirect effect ab = .481 [95% CI = .175ā0.977], p < 0.01. * p < .05, ** p < .01.