Table 2.

Performance comparison of the analogue front-end for EIS.

PARAMETER	CH	This Work	[35]	[33]	[21]	[4]
Technology		0.18 $\mathsf{\mu }$ m CMOS	0.35 $\mathsf{\mu }$ m CMOS	0.35 $\mathsf{\mu }$ m CMOS	0.18 $\mathsf{\mu }$ m CMOS	0.18 $\mathsf{\mu }$ m CMOS
Supply voltage (V)		1.8	3.3	3.3	5	1.8
Readout modality		Dual-mode	Current	Current	Voltage	Voltage
Gain (kO)	CR	10, 50, 100	60,000	-	-	-
	VR	−6 dB–42 dB	-	-	15 dB–32 dB	18 dB–60 dB
Bandwidth (Hz)	CR	100 k–1.59 M	4 M	4k	-	-
	VR	8 M	-	-	76 k	100 k
Resolution (bits)		10	-	-	10	14
Power/channel (mW)	CR	1.24	55	23		-
	VR	0.95	-	-	6	53.4
$i_{inn}$ (fA/ $\sqrt{Hz}$ )	CR	450	4	5	-	-
$v_{inn}$ (nV/ $\sqrt{Hz}$ )	VR	10	-	-	-	36

¹ Measured at 100 kHz with gain set to 100 kΩ; ² measured at 100 kHz with gain set to 42 dB.