Figure 9.

(a) Displacement of μpillar arrays without and with μgrooves from 3-day to 9-day (statistical significance difference between two column is denoted by asterisks * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and NS-non significance); (b) Comparison of contraction force between μpillar arrays with and without μgrooves. (* p < 0.04, Student t-test) (c) Displacement change in μpillar arrays without and with μgrooves after Verapamil treatment at a concentration of 500 nM (* p < 0.04 and * p < 0.03 respectively, Student t-test).