Table 3. Multivariate analyses for prostate cancer diagnosis.
| Variable | ROC AUC (95% CI) | Univariate analysis | Base model | Multivariate analysis | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | With %fPSA | With %p2PSA | With PHI | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | ||||||
| Age | 0.62 (0.54–0.70) | 1.07 (1.02–1.13) | 0.006 | 1.08 (1.02–1.14) | 0.004 | 1.11 (1.05–1.17) | <0.001 | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) | 0.055 | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) | 0.060 |
| tPSA | 0.58 (0.49–0.67) | 0.92 (0.82–1.04) | 0.183 | 0.91 (0.81–1.02) | 0.102 | 0.91 (0.81–1.03) | 0.131 | 0.92 (0.81–1.04) | 0.193 | 0.85 (0.74–0.97) | 0.014 |
| Repeated biopsy | 0.52 (0.44–0.60) | 0.72 (0.31–1.71) | 0.460 | 0.75 (0.36–2.09) | 0.754 | 0.86 (0.35–2.12) | 0.743 | 0.79 (0.30–2.11) | 0.643 | 0.82 (0.31–2.16) | 0.690 |
| %fPSA | 0.69 (0.61–0.77) | 1.27 (1.14–1.42) | <0.001 | - | - | 1.33 (1.18–1.49) | <0.001 | - | - | - | - |
| %p2PSA | 0.76 (0.68–0.84) | 7.14 (3.80–13.44) | <0.001 | - | - | - | - | 6.43 (3.41–12.11) | <0.001 | - | |
| PHI | 0.73 (0.65–0.82) | 1.05 (1.03–1.07) | <0.001 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.05 (1.03–1.07) | <0.001 |
| AUC of the multivariable models | - | - | 0.64 (0.56–0.72) | - | 0.75 (0.67–0.82) | - | 0.79 (0.71–0.86) | - | 0.78 (0.70–0.86) | - | |
| p-value, comparing with AUC of base model | - | - | - | - | 0.007 | - | <0.001 | - | <0.001 | - | |
ROC, receiver operating characteristic; AUC, area under curve; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; fPSA, free PSA; %fPSA, %free-to-total PSA; %p2PSA, percentage of [-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen; PHI, Prostate Health Index.