Table 3. Incidence rate and adjusted hazard ratio of pulmonary embolism between ACOS and non-ACOS cohorts stratified by each comorbidity types.
| ACOS | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | Compared to non-ACOS cohort | ||||||
| Variables | Event | PY | Rate | Event | PY | Rate | IRR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR† (95% CI) |
| Atrial fibrillation | ||||||||
| No | 157 | 394087 | 0.40 | 89 | 94053 | 0.95 | 2.38(2.25–2.51)*** | 2.13(1.59–2.86)*** |
| Yes | 11 | 5325 | 2.07 | 9 | 2334 | 3.86 | 1.87(1.38–2.52)*** | 1.57(0.59–4.22) |
| Hypertension | ||||||||
| No | 63 | 222429 | 0.28 | 36 | 40282 | 0.89 | 3.16(2.92–3.41)*** | 2.68(1.67–4.30)*** |
| Yes | 105 | 176983 | 0.59 | 62 | 56104 | 1.11 | 1.86(1.73–2.01)*** | 1.80(1.27–2.56)** |
| Diabetes | ||||||||
| No | 128 | 327873 | 0.39 | 73 | 74866 | 0.98 | 2.50(2.35–2.66)*** | 2.04(1.46–2.84)*** |
| Yes | 40 | 71540 | 0.56 | 25 | 21521 | 1.16 | 2.08(1.85–2.33)*** | 2.08(1.21–3.59)** |
| Hyperlipidemia | ||||||||
| No | 123 | 311590 | 0.39 | 74 | 67643 | 1.09 | 2.77(2.60–2.95)*** | 2.37(1.70–3.31)*** |
| Yes | 45 | 87822 | 0.51 | 24 | 28743 | 0.83 | 1.63(1.46–1.82)*** | 1.47(0.86–2.52) |
| Stroke | ||||||||
| No | 120 | 338208 | 0.35 | 70 | 74789 | 0.94 | 2.64(2.48–2.80)*** | 2.25(1.61–3.16)*** |
| Yes | 48 | 61205 | 0.78 | 28 | 21598 | 1.30 | 1.65(1.47–1.86)*** | 1.62(0.96–2.71) |
| Heart failure | ||||||||
| No | 145 | 385130 | 0.38 | 81 | 87309 | 0.93 | 2.46(2.33–2.61)*** | 2.25(1.65–3.06)*** |
| Yes | 23 | 14282 | 1.61 | 17 | 9077 | 1.87 | 1.16(0.96–1.41) | 1.27(0.64–2.52) |
| Fracture of lower limb | ||||||||
| No | 159 | 386391 | 0.41 | 93 | 92487 | 1.01 | 2.44(2.31–2.58)*** | 2.08(1.55–2.78)*** |
| Yes | 9 | 13021 | 0.69 | 5 | 3900 | 1.28 | 1.86(1.44–2.39)*** | 1.95(0.58–6.60) |
| Cancer | ||||||||
| No | 161 | 389413 | 0.41 | 92 | 93884 | 0.98 | 2.37(2.24–2.51)*** | 2.00(1.49–2.68)*** |
| Yes | 7 | 9999 | 0.70 | 6 | 2502 | 2.40 | 3.43(2.60–4.52)*** | 3.76(1.17–12.1)* |
ACOS, asthma–COPD overlap syndrome; PY, person-year; Rate, incidence rate (per 1,000 person-years); IRR, incidence rate ratio; Adjusted HR†: multiple cox model analysis including age, sex, each comorbidity, inhaled corticosteroid (ICSs), and oral steroids(OSs);
*p<0.05,
**p<0.01,
***p<0.001