| Elephant |
—High frequency of attacks, with an extremely high kill ratio (67%) |
—Restore corridors in critical areas along elephant migratory routes |
| —Attacks occurred mostly in human-dominated landscapes (farmland and homes) |
—Prepare a well-planned preventive mechanism (e.g., early warning system) |
| —Attacks peaked in December |
—Educate and train local residents about animal behavior |
| —Protect villages with electric fences |
| Leopard |
—Rapidly increasing rate of attacks |
—Develop a network of community-based protected areas in the mid-hills and lower mountains |
| —Almost all attacks occurred outside protected areas |
| —Attacks peaked in the dry months |
—Incorporate wildlife management and conservation practices in community forestry programs (e.g., leopard-proof corrals) |
| —Educate and train local residents about animal behavior |
| Tiger |
—Attacks occurred mostly within protected areas and forests |
—Maintain healthy prey populations |
| —Maintain environmentally sustainable flows in critical rivers to maintain prey habitats |
| —Reduce human dependence on forest resources |
| —Identify and designate critical tiger habitats in protected areas and conservation landscapes, and prohibit human movement in such areas |
| Rhinoceros |
—Attacks peaked in the dry season |
—Restore grasslands and oxbow lakes to restore habitat in protected areas. Maintain these areas to ensure continued environmentally sustainable flows in critical rivers |
| —Attacks occurred within protected areas |
| —Maintain and expand electrified fences to protect farmlands |
| —Reduce human dependence on forest resources |
| —Educate and train local residents about animal behavior |
