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. 2016 Sep 9;11(9):e0162081. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162081

Table 4. Prevalence and unadjusted risk of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders by major lifestyles.

Pop. Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
Number Percent [95% CI] Crude Odds Ratio
Betel quid chewing habit
    Non-chewers (Ref. group) 258 1 0.4 [0 to 2.1] 1
    Chewers without tobacco 44 1 2.3 [0.06 to 12] 6 [2 to 17]
    Chewers with tobacco 240 23 9.6 [6.2 to 14] 27 [12 to 62]
Smoking habit
    Non-smoker (Ref. group) 371 17 4.6 [2.7 to 7.2] 1
    Smoker 171 8 4.7 [2.0 to 9.0] 1.02 [0.4 to 2.6]
Alcohol drinking habit
    Non-drinker (Ref. group) 451 17 3.8 [2.2 to 6.0] 1
    Drinker 91 8 8.8 [3.9 to 16.6] 2.5 [1.1 to 5.7]

CI = Confidence interval