Blockade of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels prevents the increase in excitability after LTD induction without blocking LTD expression. A, top: representative traces of EPSCs before (pre) and after (post) LTD induction in the presence of an extracellularly added HCN channel blocker (ZD7288; 2 μM). Bottom, summary graph of the EPSC amplitude reduction in LTD (n = 7) and ZD7288 control (n = 5) groups. *P < 0.05. B: average firing rate versus injected current responses showed identical slopes in the LTD (top) and control (bottom) groups, both in the presence of ZD7288. C, top: representative trace of voltage in response to multiple input current steps before and after LTD in the presence of ZD7288. Bottom, average input resistance before and after the induction of LTD (n = 4). D: AHP area below the holding potential in the absence (−ZD7288, n = 12) and presence (+ZD7288, 10 μM, n = 11) of ZD7288 compound.