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. 2016 Sep 10;15:80. doi: 10.1186/s12937-016-0198-1

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© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Changes in psychological distress for subjects with elevated stress at baseline. The figure shows the 37 subjects with baseline PSS score ≥15, (Prob) indicates the probiotic group receiving treatment with L. reuteri (n = 17) and (PL) indicates the placebo group (n = 20). A modest effect was found for the probiotic treatment to decrease symptoms of stress over the study period (4.53 ± 4.25 compared to 2.2 ± 4.5 for placebo treatment, respectively (p = 0.20, statistical test: Mann-Whitney U-test))