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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 10.
Published in final edited form as: Urology. 2015 Apr 11;85(6):1431–1434. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.12.065

Table 1.

Frequency of indications for circumcision

Total Number in
Cohort (% of Total)
Cases Without Pathology
Samples (% of Total)
Cases With Pathology
Samples (% of Total)
Phimosis/paraphimosis 70 (48) 16 (34) 54 (53)
Pain during intercourse 14 (10) 6 (13) 8 (8)
Difficulty in urination 13 (9) 2 (4) 11 (11)
Elective 12 (8) 4 (9) 8 (8)
Pain/discomfort 8 (5) 2 (4) 6 (6)
Bleeding/irritation/swelling 8 (5) 3 (7) 5 (5)
Balanitis 5 (3) 2 (4) 3 (3)
Recurrent infection 5 (3) 3 (7) 2 (2)
Dermatologic/cosmetic 4 (3) 2 (4) 2 (2)
Peyronie disease 4 (3) 3 (7) 1 (1)
Hygiene 3 (2) 3 (7) 0 (0)
Reduction of cancer risk 1 (1) 0 (0) 1 (1)
Overall number 147 46 (31) 101 (69)