Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population by Household Income, Educational Attainment, and Cytomegalovirus Serostatus, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988–1994.
| Overall | Household income a
|
Educational attainment
|
CMV serostatus
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Low-mid | Middle | High | <HS | HS | >HS | Positive | Negative | ||
| Household income, % c,d | ||||||||||
| Low | 17.0 | – | – | – | – | 53.5 | 30.8 | 15.6 | 81.6 | 18.4 |
| Low-Middle | 11.2 | – | – | – | – | 42.0 | 32.4 | 25.6 | 75.9 | 24.1 |
| Middle | 33.7 | – | – | – | – | 22.7 | 40.6 | 36.7 | 67.4 | 32.6 |
| High | 38.1 | – | – | – | – | 7.5 | 29.1 | 63.4 | 55.0 | 45.0 |
| Educational attainment, % b,d | ||||||||||
| < High school | 25.3 | 37.5 | 19.3 | 31.5 | 11.7 | – | – | – | 84.2 | 15.8 |
| High school | 33.4 | 15.6 | 10.7 | 40.7 | 33.0 | – | – | – | 69.1 | 30.9 |
| > High school | 41.3 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 29.4 | 57.4 | – | – | – | 54.6 | 45.4 |
| Age, % b,c,d | ||||||||||
| 25–39 years | 39.6 | 18.4 | 11.7 | 36.2 | 33.8 | 18.2 | 35.3 | 46.6 | 53.2 | 46.8 |
| 40–59 years | 35.0 | 13.2 | 7.7 | 30.3 | 48.8 | 21.6 | 33.6 | 44.8 | 68.2 | 31.8 |
| 60+ years | 25.4 | 20.3 | 15.4 | 34.4 | 30.0 | 41.6 | 30.4 | 28.0 | 86.2 | 13.8 |
| Gender, % b,c | ||||||||||
| Female | 52.5 | 19.3 | 11.6 | 33.1 | 36.0 | 24.8 | 36.4 | 38.8 | 72.0 | 28.0 |
| Male | 47.5 | 14.5 | 19.7 | 34.3 | 40.5 | 25.9 | 30.1 | 44.0 | 61.4 | 38.6 |
| Race/ethnicity, % b,c,d | ||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 77.4 | 11.8 | 10.0 | 34.4 | 43.8 | 20.9 | 34.5 | 44.5 | 61.0 | 39.0 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 10.6 | 37.0 | 15.2 | 29.4 | 18.4 | 33.8 | 36.5 | 29.7 | 86.6 | 13.4 |
| Mexican-American | 4.6 | 46.1 | 16.5 | 22.9 | 14.5 | 59.8 | 22.1 | 18.1 | 88.9 | 11.1 |
| Other | 7.4 | 27.8 | 15.2 | 38.2 | 18.8 | 38.1 | 24.2 | 37.7 | 88.2 | 11.8 |
| Country of birth, % b,c,d | ||||||||||
| US | 86.6 | 15.3 | 10.6 | 34.0 | 40.0 | 23.0 | 35.2 | 41.8 | 63.4 | 36.6 |
| Other | 13.4 | 29.9 | 15.0 | 30.9 | 25.1 | 40.8 | 21.5 | 37.8 | 89.4 | 10.6 |
| Marital status, % b,c,d | ||||||||||
| Married/cohabitating | 69.5 | 12.3 | 9.6 | 35.0 | 43.1 | 23.0 | 34.7 | 42.3 | 64.9 | 35.1 |
| Widowed/separated/divorced | 19.8 | 31.9 | 16.0 | 29.7 | 22.4 | 35.5 | 32.8 | 31.7 | 78.4 | 21.6 |
| Never married | 10.7 | 21.3 | 12.7 | 32.3 | 33.7 | 21.4 | 26.3 | 52.4 | 58.7 | 41.3 |
| Geographical region, % b,c,d | ||||||||||
| Northeast | 20.7 | 15.4 | 12.4 | 33.6 | 38.6 | 24.8 | 32.2 | 43.1 | 59.3 | 40.7 |
| Midwest | 24.2 | 15.1 | 11.2 | 37.1 | 36.7 | 21.8 | 37.5 | 40.7 | 62.2 | 37.8 |
| South | 33.7 | 20.8 | 12.0 | 33.6 | 33.6 | 30.6 | 34.6 | 34.8 | 74.8 | 25.2 |
| West | 21.4 | 14.8 | 8.7 | 30.0 | 46.5 | 21.6 | 28.1 | 50.2 | 67.2 | 32.8 |
| Urbanicity, % b,c | ||||||||||
| Rural | 48.3 | 14.7 | 9.1 | 30.7 | 45.6 | 21.1 | 30.0 | 48.9 | 67.1 | 32.9 |
| Urban | 51.7 | 19.2 | 13.1 | 36.5 | 31.2 | 29.2 | 36.6 | 34.2 | 66.8 | 33.2 |
| CMV serostatus, % b,c | ||||||||||
| Seropositive | 66.9 | 20.8 | 12.8 | 34.5 | 31.9 | 31.6 | 34.5 | 33.9 | – | – |
| Seronegative | 33.1 | 9.1 | 7.9 | 32.4 | 50.6 | 12.0 | 31.2 | 56.9 | – | – |
Household income level was measured by the income-to-poverty ratio, calculated by dividing total family income by the annual poverty threshold on the basis of household size and categorized as low (≤1.30), low-middle (> 1.30 to ≤1.85), middle (> 1.85 to ≤3.50), and high (> 3.50).
Comparison of distributions between income categories statistically significant (P value <0.05).
Comparison of distributions between education categories statistically significant (P value <0.05).
Comparison of distributions by CMV serostatus statistically significant (P value <0.05).