(a–b): 4–6 week old male wild-type mice were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) with saline or LPS (40 μg/mouse) prior to food removal. After 24 hours food was returned. Food intake (a) and body weight (b) were measured at 6h, 12h and 24h post-refeeding. LPS decreased food intake and body weight gain at all-time points. Bar graphs represent the food intake or body weight gain post-refeeding at each time point. n=4 for Fasted/S group, n=3 for Fasted/L group. *p<0.01 compared to the saline group as determined by student’s t-test. (c) 4–6 week old male wild-type mice were separated into fed or fasted groups and injected with saline or LPS (40 μg/mouse, s.c). Food was removed from the fasted groups immediately post-LPS injection. Blood glucose level was measured 24 hours later. Fasting and LPS significantly decreased blood glucose level, and LPS resulted in a further decrease fasted mice. Different letters indicate statistical significance among the four groups determined by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test (p<0.05; Fed/Saline, n=21; Fasted/Saline, n=21; Fasted/LPS, n=21; Fed/LPS, n=9). Bars with the same letter are not statistically different (p>0.05).