Table 2.

HOMA-IR and HOMA-B levels according to general characteristics in non-diabetic subjects

mean ± SD, (n = 5,492)
Variables	Category	HOMA-IR	p value	HOMA-B	p value
Gender	Males	2.45 ± 1.51	0.015	125.50 ± 66.27	<0.001
	Females	2.36 ± 1.13		138.72 ± 72.80
Age (years)	20–29	2.27 ± 1.13	<0.001	165.74 ± 69.87	<0.001
	30–39	2.35 ± 1.55		146.17 ± 70.96
	40–49	2.36 ± 1.20		128.30 ± 57.74
	50–59	2.37 ± 1.11		118.48 ± 54.81
	≥60	2.52 ± 1.36		121.95 ± 80.90
Smoking	Non-smoker	2.36 ± 1.18	0.057	134.62 ± 62.09	0.018
	Ex-smoker	2.47 ± 1.23		127.68 ± 86.23
	Current smoker	2.42 ± 1.65		133.89 ± 75.23
Alcohol drinking	No	2.42 ± 1.29	0.191	137.09 ± 77.18	<0.001
	Yes	2.37 ± 1.32		129.95 ± 64.33
Regular exercise	No	2.41 ± 1.33	0.01	133.71 ± 71.36	0.215
	Yes	2.26 ± 1.05		129.92 ± 63.85