Fig. 5. Human intervertebral disc (IVD) cells in lower serum and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α; 10 ng/mL) demonstrated also upregulations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -3, -9, and -13 messenger ribo nucleic acid. Human IVD cells with various doses of pamidronate (10-12, 10-9, 10-8, and 10-6 M) and lower serum and TNF-α (10 ng/mL) reveled partial down-regulation of MMPs. FBS, fetal bovine serum; mRNA, messenger ribo nucleic acid.
