Figure 5.

(a) Square-wave anodic-stripping voltammograms for different concentrations of Cd and Pb ions with the in-situ-plated Bi/TRGO/Au in 0.1 mol L⁻¹ of acetate-buffer solution (pH 4.5) containing 600 μg L⁻¹ of Bi ion. From bottom to top, 0 μg L⁻¹, 10 μg L⁻¹, 20 μg L⁻¹, 40 μg L⁻¹, 60 μg L⁻¹, 80 μg L⁻¹, 100 μg L⁻¹, and 120 μg L⁻¹. (b,c) Show the corresponding calibration curves of the Cd and Pb ions, respectively. Data are presented with the mean of three replicates.