Table 1.
Hospital and attending physician characteristics
| All (n = 68) | Medical (n = 28) | Nonmedical (n = 40)* | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital type, n (%) | 0.854 | |||
| Nonfederal public | 15 (22.1) | 7 (25.0) | 8 (20.0) | |
| Private for-profit | 4 (5.9) | 1 (3.6) | 3 (7.5) | |
| Federal | 6 (8.8) | 2 (7.1) | 4 (5.9) | |
| Private not-for-profit | 43 (63.2) | 18 (6.4) | 25 (62.5) | |
| Hospital locale, n (%) | 0.088 | |||
| Urban | 51 (75.0) | 24 (85.7) | 27 (67.5) | |
| Suburban/rural | 17 (25.0) | 4 (14.3) | 13 (32.5) | |
| Teaching, n (%) | 65 (95.6) | 28 (100) | 37 (92.5) | 0.138 |
| Critical care fellowship training program, n (%) | 54 (79.4) | 26 (92.9) | 28 (70.0) | 0.022 |
| 24 h in-house attending coverage, n (%) | 32 (47.1) | 13 (46.4) | 19 (47.5) | 0.931 |
| 24 h in-house fellow coverage, n (%) | 29 (42.7) | 12 (42.9) | 17 (42.5) | 0.977 |
| 24 h in-house resident coverage, n (%) | 60 (88.2) | 28 (100.0) | 32 (80.0) | 0.012 |
| 24 h in-house midlevel coverage, n (%) | 29 (42.7) | 13 (46.4) | 16 (40.0) | 0.598 |
| Telemedicine coverage, n (%) | 15 (22.1) | 5 (17.9) | 10 (25.0) | 0.484 |
| Staffing model, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
| Open | 8 (11.8) | 1 (3.6) | 7 (17.5) | |
| Closed | 45 (66.2) | 27 (96.4) | 18 (45.0) | |
| Mixed | 15 (22.0) | 0 (0.00) | 15 (37.5) |
*
Nonmedical intensive care units included all intensive care units that were not exclusively medical (i.e., surgical, mixed medical–surgical, cardiothoracic surgical, etc.).