Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients randomized to usual care and behavioral intervention
| Variables | Total (n = 305) | UC (n = 156) | BI (n = 149) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr, mean (SD) | 70.29 (9.48) |
69.80 (9.47) |
70.80 (9.50) |
||||
| Female sex, n (%) | 154 (50.49) |
79 (50.64) |
75 (50.34) |
||||
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |
||||||
| Hispanic | 4 (1.31) |
2 (1.28) |
2 (1.34) |
||||
| NH white | 282 (92.46) |
140 (89.74) |
142 (95.30) |
||||
| NH black | 18 (5.9) |
13 (8.33) |
5 (3.36) |
||||
| NH other | 1 (0.33) |
1 (0.64) |
0 (0) |
||||
| Rural* | 150 (49.34) |
81 (51.92) |
69 (46.62) |
||||
| Smoking status, n (%) | |
||||||
| Current smoker | 76 (24.92) |
46 (29.49) |
30 (20.13) |
||||
| Ex-smoker | 206 (67.54) |
99 (63.46) |
107 (71.81) |
||||
| Never smoker | 23 (7.54) |
11 (7.05) |
12 (8.05) |
||||
| Pack-years, mean (SD) | 58.22 (36.76) |
57.05 (34.32) |
59.47 (39.27) |
||||
| GOLD stage, n (%) | |
||||||
| II | 134 (43.93) |
75 (48.08) |
59 (39.60) |
||||
| III | 130 (42.62) |
59 (37.82) |
71 (47.65) |
||||
| IV | 41 (13.44) |
22 (14.1) |
19 (12.75) |
||||
| Charlson comorbidity index, mean (SD) | 2.99 (1.95) |
2.87 (1.73) |
3.12 (2.16) |
||||
| Comorbid conditions,† n (%) | |
||||||
| Cardiovascular disorders | |
||||||
| Hypertension | 174 (57.05) |
92 (58.97) |
82 (55.03) |
||||
| Congestive heart failure | 45 (14.75) |
21 (13.46) |
24 (16.11) |
||||
| Myocardial infarction | 39 (12.79) |
20 (12.82) |
19 (12.75) |
||||
| Peripheral vascular disease | 20 (6.56) |
6 (3.85) |
14 (9.4) |
||||
| Depression | 105 (34.43) |
50 (32.05) |
55 (36.91) |
||||
| Diabetes | 62 (20.33) |
25 (16.03) |
37 (24.83) |
||||
| Ulcer disease | 24 (7.87) |
14 (8.97) |
10 (6.71) |
||||
| Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity, n (%) | |
||||||
| Sedentary | 47 (15.46) |
23 (14.74) |
24 (16.22) |
||||
| Underactive | 85 (27.96) |
45 (28.85) |
40 (27.03) |
||||
| Active | 172 (56.58) |
88 (56.41) |
84 (56.76) |
||||
| Readiness to change physical activity, n (%) | |
||||||
| High | 203 (66.56) |
107 (68.59) |
96 (64.43) |
||||
| Intermediate | 76 (24.92) |
38 (24.37) |
38 (25.50) |
||||
| Low | 26 (8.52) |
11 (7.05) |
15 (10.07) |
||||
| COPD Self-Efficacy Scale, mean (SD) | |
||||||
| Negative affect | 2.53 (0.88) |
2.54 (0.90) |
2.52 (0.86) |
||||
| Emotional arousal | 2.38 (0.79) |
2.40 (0.81) |
2.36 (0.77) |
||||
| Physical exertion | 3.00 (0.92) |
3.03 (0.89) |
2.97 (0.94) |
||||
| Weather/environment | 2.77 (0.83) |
2.74 (0.83) |
2.79 (0.84) |
||||
| Behavior | 2.67 (0.89) | 2.62 (0.91) | 2.72 (0.87) |
Definition of abbreviations: BI = behavioral intervention; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD = Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease; NH = non-Hispanic; UC = usual care.
*
Rural residence based on Urban Influence Codes.
†
Comorbid conditions with prevalence greater than 5%.