Table 1.
Demographic data and co-morbidities of 371 participants
| PD | ET | Control | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 108 | 139 | 124 | |
| Age (years) | 71.3 ± 6.4 (71.0) | 71.9 ± 12.8 (73.0) | 71.5 ± 9.1 (72.0) | 0.12 a |
| Female gender | 60 (55.6) | 73 (52.5) | 67 (54.0) | 0.89 b |
| Education (years) | 16.3 ± 2.8 (16.0) | 16.1 ± 2.6 (16.0) | 16.2 ± 2.7 (16.0) | 0.61 a |
| Cigarette pack years | 9.3 ± 17.8 (0.0) | 11.4 ± 18.9 (1.0) | 10.6 ± 16.1 (2.0) | 0.21 a |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 5.7 (24.3) | 25.3 ± 5.1 (25.0) | 26.0 ± 7.0 (25.6) | 0.35 a |
| Number of prescription medications | 5.8 ± 2.8 (5.0) * | 4.9 ± 3.2 (4.0) * | 3.5 ± 2.9 (3.0) | <0.001 a |
| Years since last hospitalization | 11.5 ± 16.0 (4.0) | 11.5 ± 16.4 (4.0) | 12.4 ± 14.6 (7.0) | 0.44 a |
| CIRS score | 7.2 ± 3.2 (7.0) | 7.3 ± 3.6 (7.0) | 6.8 ± 3.9 (7.0) | 0.48 a |
| Diabetes mellitus | 9 (8.4) | 11 (8.1) | 14 (11.4) | 0.62 b |
| Daily levodopa dosage (mg) | 529.8 ± 394.7 | NA | NA | NA |
Values are mean ± standard deviation (median) or number (percentage)
a
Kruskal-Wallis test comparing all three groups
b
Chi-square test comparing all three groups
*
Significantly different from controls (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney test)
BMI = Body Mass Index, CIRS = Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, ET = essential tremor, mg = milligrams, NA = not applicable, PD = Parkinson's disease