Table 3.
Distribution of failure in the main tasks for neuro-psychomotor assessment and comparison with the reference standards for the NP-MOT battery (scores < 1 SD).
| Task | Proportion of failure by ASD children (n) | Proportion of failure by G Ref (n) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Muscular tone | |||
| → Hypotonia (distal upper limbs) | 66% (22/33) | 29% (131/446) | <0.001 |
| → Hypotonia (proximal upper limbs) | 42% (13/31) | 13% (57/446) | <0.001 |
| → Hypotonia (distal lower limbs) | 97% (33/34) | 55% (245/446) | <0.001 |
| → Hypertonia (proximal lower limbs) | 9% (3/34) | 0% (0/446) | <0.001 |
| → Hypotonia/Hypertonia (axial) | 18% (6/34)/21% (7/34) | 15% (68/446)/5% (21/446) | 0.629/0.002 |
| Motor pathway disorder (mild sign) | 6% (2/34) | NS | |
| Tone dominance | |||
| → Indeterminate upper limb dominance | 61% (19/31) | 28% (126/446) | <0.001 |
| → Indeterminate lower limb dominance | 39% (12/31) | 26% (115/446) | 0.140 |
| Dysdiadochokinesis | 57% (16/28) | 26% (118/446) | <0.001 |
| Synkinetic movements | 36% (10/28) | 73% (325/446) | <0.001 |
| Oro-facial synkinesis | 85% (23/28) | 48% (216/446) | <0.001 |
| Manual dominance | |||
| → Strong dominance | 59% (16/27) | 66% (294/446) | 0.533 |
| → Weak dominance | 37% (10/27) | 33% (146/446) | 0.675 |
| → Indeterminate dominance | 4% (1/27) | 1% (6/446) | 0.339 |
| → Right handedness | 70% (19/27) | 94% (419/446) | <0.001 |
| → Left handedness | 26% (7/27) | 5% (21/446) | <0.001 |
| Homogeneity between the upper and lower limbs | 68% (19/27) | 82% (371/446) | 0.113 |
| Static balance | 64% (16/25) | ||
| → Feet joined | 4% (1/26) | 3% (12/446) | 0.525 |
| → On one foot | 63% (19/30) | 36% (161/446) | 0.005 |
| → On tip-toes | 43% (12/28) | 23% (103/446) | 0.023 |
| Dynamic balance | 52% (14/27) | ||
| → Walk a line forward/backward | 60% (18/30)/79% (22/28) | 25% (114/446)/33% (149/446) | <0.001/<0.001 |
| → Walk on tiptoe | 16% (2/32) | 13% (59/446) | 0.408 |
| → Jump: coordination/landing | 50% (17/34)/53% (18/34) | 11% (47/446)/13% (57/446) | <0.001/<0.001 |
| Manual dexterity | 33% (10/30) | 17% (74/446) | 0.027 |
| Manual praxis | 36% (8/22) | ||
| → Bi-manual praxis symmetric and asymmetric; quality/duration | 54% (14/26)/34% (9/26) | 52% (232/446)/0% (0/446) | 1/ <0.001 |
| → Thumb/index opposition: right/left | 4% (1/24)/44% (10/23) | 2% (10/446)/2% (10/446) | <0.001/<0.001 |
| → Thumb/finger opposition: right/left | 26% (6/23)/26% (6/23) | 2% (10/446)/2% (10/446) | <0.001/<0.001 |
| Bodily spatial integration | |||
| → Bodily spatial integration to self: designation/order with crossing of the body midline | 28% (8/29)/50% (14/28) | 15% (67/446)/20% (79/392) | 0.108/ <0.001 |
| → Bodily spatial integration to other: designation/imitation with crossing of the body midline | 55% (16/29)/52% (12/23) | 43% (194/433)/21% (58/274) | 0.336/0.002 |
| → Bodily spatial integration to object: 2 objects/3 objects | 27% (6/22)/68% (15/22) | 26% (71/274)/34% (93/274) | 1/0.002 |
| Rhythm task | |||
| → Auditory-perceptual-motor task: taping in rhythm/walking in rhythm | 23% (6/26)/36% (9/25) | 31% (138/446)/41% (182/446) | 0.513/0.681 |
| → Auditory-visual-kinesthetic task | 38% (10/26) | 18% (79/446) | 0.017 |
| → Tapping | 14% (4/28) | 33% (147/446) | 0.057 |
| Digital perception | 9% (2/23) | 11% (48/446) | 1 |
| Auditory attention: time/quality | 45% (9/20)/20% (4/20) | 0% (0/446)/0% (0/446) | <0.001/<0.001 |
NS, not specified; Bold values indicate significant p-values.