Table 5.
Distribution of failure in the main tasks for neuro-psychomotor, gross motor, and neuropsychological assessment according to the presence of intellectual deficit (ID; ns, non-significant).
| Task (battery) | Proportion of failure by ASD children with ID (n) | Proportion of failure by ASD children without ID (n) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| NEURO-PSYCHOMOTOR FUNCTIONS | |||
| Muscular tone (NP-MOT) | |||
| → Hypotonia (distal upper limbs) | 72% (10/14) | 62% (12/19) | 0.719 |
| → Hypotonia (proximal upper limbs) | 46% (6/13) | 39% (7/18) | 0.727 |
| → Hypotonia (distal lower limbs) | 23% (3/14) | 26% (5/19) | 1 |
| → Hypertonia (proximal lower limbs) | 47% (7/15) | 47% (9/19) | 1 |
| → Hypotonia/Hypertonia (axial) | 13% (2/15)/27% (4/15) | 21% (4/19)/16% (3/19) | 0.672/0.672 |
| Motor pathway disorder (mild sign) | 13% (2/15) | 0% (0/19) | 0.187 |
| Dysdiadochokinesis (NP-MOT) | 80% (2/10) | 50% (9/18) | 0.226 |
| Synkinetic movements (NP-MOT) | 40% (4/10) | 33% (6/18) | 1 |
| Manual dominance (NP-MOT) | |||
| → Strong dominance (NP-MOT) | 56% (5/9) | 61% (11/18) | 1 |
| → Weak dominance (NP-MOT) | 33% (3/9) | 39% (7/18) | 1 |
| → Indeterminate dominance (NP-MOT) | 11% (1/9) | 0% (0/18) | 0.333 |
| → Right handedness (NP-MOT) | 67% (6/9) | 72% (13/18) | 1 |
| → Left handedness (NP-MOT) | 22% (2/9) | 28% (5/18) | 1 |
| Static balance (NP-MOT) | 100% (7/7) | 50% (9/18) | 0.027 |
| Dynamic balance (NP-MOT) | 89% (8/9) | 33% (6/18) | 0.013 |
| → Walk | 89% (8/9) | 33% (6/18) | 0.013 |
| → Jump | 87% (13/15) | 42% (8/19) | 0.013 |
| Upper limb/lower limb coordination (NP-MOT) | 85% (11/13) | 39% (7/18) | 0.025 |
| Hand-eye skill (NP-MOT) | 45% (5/11) | 10% (2/19) | 0.068 |
| Manual praxis (NP-MOT) | |||
| → Bi-manual praxis symmetric and asymmetric | 71% (5/7) | 22% (4/18) | 0.058 |
| → Thumb/index opposition | 12% (1/8) | 19% (3/16) | 1 |
| → Thumb/finger opposition | 87% (7/8) | 33% (5/15) | 0.027 |
| Manual gnosopraxis (EMG) | 92% (11/12) | 44% (8/18) | 0.018 |
| Digital gnosopraxis (EMG) | 82% (2/11) | 50% (9/18) | 0.125 |
| Bodily spatial integration (NP-MOT) | |||
| → Bodily spatial integration to self | 91% (10/11) | 17% (3/18) | <0.001 |
| → Bodily spatial integration to other | 89% (8/9) | 0% (0/15) | <0.001 |
| → Bodily spatial integration to object | 71% (5/7) | 7% (1/15) | 0.004 |
| Rhythm task (NP-MOT) | |||
| → Rhythm task (auditory-perceptual-motor task) | 25% (2/8) | 18% (3/17) | 1 |
| → Rhythm task (auditory-visual-kinesthetic task) | 89% (8/9) | 23% (4/17) | 0.003 |
| → Tapping | 30% (3/10) | 5% (1/18) | 0.116 |
| Digital perception (gnosis NP-MOT) | 17% (1/6) | 0% (0/17) | 0.261 |
| Auditory attention (NP-MOT) | 75% (3/4) | 25% (4/16) | 0.101 |
| Gross motor Skills | |||
| Total gross motor skills (M-ABC) | 61% (11/18) | 100 (10/10) | 0.030 |
| → Manual dexterity | 44% (8/18) | 70% (7/10) | 0.254 |
| → Ball skills | 28% (5/18) | 83% (10/12) | 0.008 |
| → Static and dynamic balance | 50% (9/18) | 73% (8/11) | 0.273 |
| Visual Perception | |||
| Simultagnosis | 0% (0/17) | 33% (4/11) | 0.016 |
| NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS | |||
| Visuo-spatial-motor structuration (Rey's figure) | 28% (5/18) | 100 (8/8) | 0.002 |
| Cognitive planning (NEPSY, Tower) | 33% (7/19) | 100% (5/5) | 0.037 |
Bold values indicate significant p-values.