Table 1.
Clinical performance for novel optical imaging technologies
| Imaging technology | Studies | Sensitivity | Specificity | Type of lesion | Level of evidence | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High definition white light endoscopy (HD-WLE) | RCT | 40%–64% | 98%–100% | LGD/HGD/EAC | Ib | 33,59 |
| Chromoendoscopy | ||||||
| Methylene blue | RCT | 49%–51% | 48%–85% | LGD/HGD/EAC | Ib | 25,26 |
| Acetic acid | P | 96% | 81% | IIa | 28 | |
| Narrow band imaging (NBI) | RCT, P, MA | 47%–100% | 72%–100% | LGD/HGD/EAC | Ib | 31–34 |
| Autofluorescence imaging (AFI) | P, RCT | 42%–50% | 61%–92% | HGD/EAC | Ib | 36,38 |
| Endoscopic trimodal imaging (ETMI) | RCT | NA | NA | LGD/HGD/EAC | Ib | 40,41 |
| Optical coherence tomography (OCT) | P | 68%–83% | 75%–82% | LGD/HGD/EAC | IIa | 44,45 |
| Optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) | P | NA | NA | LGD/HGD/EAC | IIa | 46,47 |
| Confocal laser endoscopy (CLE) | RCT, P, MA | 63%–100% | 70%–98% | LGD/HGD/EAC | Ib | 51,56–59 |
| Molecular imaging | P | 75% | 94% | HGD/EAC | IIa | 74 |
Performance and level of evidence for clinical studies performed using novel optical imaging technologies for BE surveillance.
Levels of evidence: Ib, evidence including at least one RCT; IIa, evidence including prospective, controlled, non-randomised studies.
BE, Barrett’s oesophagus; EAC, oesophageal cancer; HGD, high-grade dysplasia; LGD, low-grade dysplasia; MA, meta-analysis; NA, not available; P, prospective study; RCT, randomised control trial.