Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by pneumococcal vaccination in CHS
| Variables mean (±SD) or n (%) | Age ≥80 years (n = 851) | Age 65–79 years (n = 4439) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pneumococcal vaccination | P‐value | Pneumococcal vaccination | P‐value | |||
| No (n = 593) | Yes (n = 258) | No (n = 3273) | Yes (n = 1166) | |||
| Age, years | 83 (±3) | 83 (±3) | 0.447 | 71 (±4) | 72 (±3) | <0.001 |
| Female | 298 (50%) | 144 (56%) | 0.136 | 1943 (59%) | 688 (59%) | 0.830 |
| African American | 111 (19%) | 31 (12%) | 0.016 | 521 (16%) | 134 (12%) | <0.001 |
| Married | 300 (51%) | 145 (56%) | 0.132 | 2293 (70%) | 805 (69%) | 0.515 |
| Education college or higher | 252 (43%) | 125 (48%) | 0.108 | 1335 (41%) | 566 (49%) | <0.001 |
| Income ≥$25K | 161 (27%) | 90 (35%) | 0.023 | 1201 (37%) | 519 (45%) | <0.001 |
| Smoke, pack years | 11 (±24) | 14 (±25) | 0.152 | 18 (±27) | 19 (±27) | 0.351 |
| Walk blocks last week | 25 (±40) | 25 (±36) | 0.939 | 41 (±57) | 44 (±57) | 0.212 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.5 (±3.9) | 25.7 (±3.8) | 0.596 | 26.8 (±4.0) | 26.5 (±4.1) | 0.046 |
| Instrumental ADL | 0.5 (±0.9) | 0.7 (±1.0) | 0.050 | 0.3 (±0.6) | 0.31 (±0.6) | 0.073 |
| Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES‐D) scale score | 5.0 (±4.5) | 5.4 (±4.9) | 0.253 | 4.5 (±4.5) | 4.5 (±4.3) | 0.918 |
| Mini‐Mental State Examination | 25.7 (±3.9) | 26.6 (±3.3) | 0.001 | 27.8 (±2.4) | 28.1 (±2.2) | 0.001 |
| Flu vaccination | 225 (38%) | 201 (78%) | <0.001 | 979 (30%) | 905 (78%) | <0.001 |
| Medical history | ||||||
| Coronary heart diseases | 124 (21%) | 58 (23%) | 0.608 | 506 (16%) | 223 (19%) | 0.004 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 61 (10%) | 18 (7%) | 0.126 | 240 (7%) | 98 (8%) | 0.236 |
| Hypertension | 409 (69%) | 176 (68%) | 0.827 | 1816 (56%) | 680 (58%) | 0.094 |
| Diabetes | 92 (16%) | 32 (12%) | 0.237 | 515 (16%) | 182 (16%) | 0.916 |
| Stroke | 37 (6%) | 14 (5%) | 0.646 | 99 (3%) | 54 (5%) | 0.010 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 20 (3%) | 11 (4%) | 0.524 | 48 (2%) | 31 (3%) | 0.008 |
| LVH by electrocardiogram | 46 (8%) | 19 (7%) | 0.843 | 122 (4%) | 40 (3%) | 0.642 |
| LV systolic dysfunction | 66 (11%) | 25 (10%) | 0.532 | 214 (7%) | 80 (7%) | 0.704 |
| Left bundle branch block | 73 (12%) | 29 (11%) | 0.659 | 240 (7%) | 101 (9%) | 0.143 |
| COPD | 46 (8%) | 49 (19%) | <0.001 | 329 (10%) | 230 (20%) | 0.094 |
| Pneumonia | 110 (19%) | 97 (38%) | <0.001 | 765 (23%) | 436 (37%) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory data | ||||||
| Serum creatinine, g/dL | 1.09 (±0.4) | 1.04 (±0.4) | 0.093 | 0.9 (±0.4) | 0.9 (±0.5) | 0.902 |
| Serum C‐reactive protein, mg/L | 5.1 (±9.1) | 4.0 (±5.7) | 0.072 | 4.6 (±7.8) | 4.8 (±9.1) | 0.473 |
CHS, Cardiovascular Health Study; ADL, activities of daily living; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy.