A diagrammatic representation of the envelopment and de-envelopment process at the NE (A). Secondary envelopment of capsids in the cytoplasm and release of mature viral particles are also shown. Transmission electron micrographs of different stages of HV nuclear egress, showing nucleocapsid docking (B), primary envelopment at the INM (C, D, E), residence at the perinuclear space (F), de-envelopment at the ONM (G–I) and escape to the cytoplasm (J). Panels A and B–J are from Figure 1C and Figure 2, respectively, from [21] and are used with permission. The numbers shown in (B–J) correspond to the stages similarly numbered in (A).