. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 12.

Published in final edited form as: J Mater Chem B. 2015 Oct 16;4:1586–1599. doi: 10.1039/C5TB01686J

Table 1.

Innovative recent heparin based coatings for cardiovascular implants.

Substrate/Coating	Coating strategy	In vitro/in vivo studies	Ref.
Duraflo™ heparin and sirolimus	Layer-by-layer	APTT assay, drug release studies (drug eluiting stent)	⁷⁶
Amino-silanized titanium/Heparin and collagen Type-IV	Layer by layer	platelet adhesion test, APTT assay	⁷⁷
NiTi shape memory alloy/Heparin	UV-pretreatment and physical adsorption	hemolytic tests, dynamic clotting time experiments, platelet binding tests	⁷⁸
316L stainless steel/heparin	Chemical conjugation using dopamine and HMA	APTT assay, HUVECs & HASMCs proliferation studies/subcutaneous implantation in white rabbits	⁷⁸
Nanofibers/Heparin	Chemical conjugation using diamino-poly(ethylene glycol) as linker	Antitrombogenic activity tests/implantation in rats	⁷⁹
Titanium/PEG and Heparin	carbodiimide covalent coupling method	APTT assay/HUVECs adhesion and proliferation studies	⁸⁰

APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time, HUVECs: Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, HASMCs: Human Artery smooth muscle cells, HMA: hexamethylenediamine.