Table 1.
Characteristics of under-five diarrheal children with (cases) and without (controls) Klebsiella bacteremia at hospitalization and their outcome during hospitalization.
| Characteristics | Culture positive n = 30 (%) |
Culture negative n = 90 (%) |
OR (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Young age (<12 months) | 24 (80) | 53 (59) | 2.79 (1.00–8.5) | 0.037 |
| Male | 19 (63) | 53 (60) | 1.14 (0.45–2.93) | 0.933 |
| Duration of diarrhea in days (median IQR) | 4 (2.00–7.00) | 3 (2.00–5.00) | — | 0.193 |
| Antibiotics prior to admission | 28 (97) | 67 (78) | 0.13 (0.01–0.97) | 0.05 |
| Severe dehydration | 6 (20) | 4 (5) | 5.25 (1.18–24.56) | 0.017 |
| Fever (≥38°C) | 8 (27) | 47 (53) | 0.32 (0.14–0.87) | 0.023 |
| Abnormal mentation | 25 (83) | 41 (57) | 5.48 (1.92–15.67) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mean ± SD) | 86 ± 13 | 93 ± 19 | — | 0.218 |
| Diastolic BP (mean ± SD) | 53 ± 11 | 55 ± 14 | — | 0.799 |
| Hypotension | 3/17 (18) | 5/29 (17) | 1.03 (0.16–6.15) | 1.00 |
| Fast breathing | 9 (30) | 46 (52) | 0.4 (0.15–1.05) | 0.064 |
| SpO2 (mean ± SD) | 96.70 ± 3.08 | 96.56 ± 3.41 | — | 0.847 |
| Creatinine (mean ± SD) | 49.80 ± 39.59 | 42.80 ± 45.91 | — | 0.250 |
| Severe wasting | 13 (59) | 19 (26) | 4.18 (1.39–12.81) | 0.007 |
| Severe underweight | 21 (72) | 46 (55) | 2.16 (0.8–6.04) | 0.151 |
| Vibrio cholerae | 1 (3) | 3 (3) | 0.33 (0.01–3.92) | 0.614 |
| Shigella | 5 (17) | 5 (6) | 0.34 (0.08–1.4) | 0.132 |
| Positive stool culture | 13 (43) | 10 (11) | 6.12 (2.08–18.28) | <0.001 |
| HAI | 11 (37) | 2 (2) | 25.47 (5.21–124.43) | <0.001 |
| Death | 12 (40) | 3 (3) | 19.33 (4.41–97.31) | <0.001 |
Figures represent n (total number), unless specified. OR: odds ratio. CI: confidence interval. IQR: interquartile range. SD: standard deviation. SpO2: transcutaneously measured blood oxygen concentration. HAI: hospital acquired infection.