Table 1.
Novel findings on HLA-G and tumors.
| Type of tumor | Observation | Correlation with clinical outcome | PB sHLA-G | Author |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Murine model | HLA-G+ tumors are protected from rejection | — | — | Loumagne et al. [27] |
| ESCC | Tumors but not adjacent tissues expressed HLA-G | Positive correlation with metastasis | Increased | Zheng et al. [28] |
| Rectal cancer | Tumors are HLA-G+, FOXP3+, and HLA-class I− | Worse OS | — | Reimers et al. [29] |
| Colorectal cancer | Most tumors expressed HLA-G and/or HLA-E | Worse OS | — | Guo et al. [30] |
| NSCLC | HLA-G is expressed in adenocarcinoma but not in squamous cell carcinoma | — | — | Yan et al. [31] |
| Pancreatic cancer | Most tumors are HLA-G+ | Positive correlation with metastasis and worse OS | Increased | Xu et al. [32] |
| Glioma | HLA-G expression is higher in tumors with blurred boundaries | Positive correlation with invasiveness | — | Wang et al. [33] |
| Renal cell carcinoma | Expression of some miRNAs downregulates HLA-G expression and increased antitumor immune response | — | — | Jasinki-Bergner et al. [34] |
| Gastric cancer | TGF-β induced HLA-G expression through miR152 downregulation | — | — | Guan et al. [35] |
| Gastric cancer | HLA-G+ DC-10 cells are increased in PB of patients | Worse prognosis | Increased | Xu et al. [36] |
| Murine model | LILRB1− NK cells are more effective against HLA-G+ tumors | — | — | Wu et al. [37] |
| Pancreatic cancer | CD3+ TIL are decreased in HLA-G+ tumors | Worse OS | — | Zhou et al. [38] |
| Breast cancer | Opposite prognostic value of free sHLA-G and sHLA-G in MV after chemotherapy | sHLA-G in MV positively correlated with worse prognosis; free sHLA-G positively correlated with better outcome | — | König et al. [39] |
| Breast cancer | Higher sHLA-G levels in patients without previous pregnancy and breastfeeding history | Worse OS | Increased | Zidi et al. [40] |
| DLBCL | Different prognostic value of del/del polymorphisms of HLA-G gene | Worse OS | — | Bielska et al. [41] |
| NSCLC | SNP in HLA-G and LILRB1 genes and expression of HLA-G and LILRB1 are related to clinical outcome | Positive correlation to high risk of tumor and tumor stage | — | Wiśniewski et al. [42] |
| Prostate cancer | Polymorphisms in 3′ UTR of HLA-G gene are related to clinical outcome | Positive correlation to higher susceptibility | — | Zambra et al. [43] |
| Gastric adenocarcinoma | Higher frequency of some polymorphisms of HLA-G gene in healthy controls than in patients | — | — | Khorrami et al. [44] |
| CLL | 14 bp polymorphism in 3′ UTR of HLA-G gene is related to clinical outcome | Worse OS | — | Rizzo et al. [45] |