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. 2016 Sep 13;17(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s10194-016-0672-3

Table 3.

Univariate analysis comparing variables significantly associated with primary headache against healthy respondents

Healthy participants Participants with primary headache P value
n (%) n (%)
4519 519
Sex
 Male 2241(49.6) 125(24.1) P < 0.001*
 Female 2278(50.4) 394(75.9)
Age
 60–69 2243(49.6) 290(55.9) P = 0.007*
  ≥ 70 2276(50.4) 229(44.1)
Education (years)
  ≤ 5 3040(67.3) 376(72.4) P = .017*
  > 5 1479(32.7) 143(27.6)
Current smoker
 Yes 1338(29.6) 86(16.6) P < 0.001*
 No 3181(70.4) 433(83.4)
Currently drinks alcohol
 Yes 1164(25.8) 62(11.9) P < 0.001*
 No 3355(74.2) 457(88.1)
Widowed/separated
 Yes 791(17.5) 79(15.2) P = 0.033*
 No 3728(82.5) 440(84.8)
Social activities
 Yes 793(17.5) 29(5.6) P < 0.001*
 No 3726(82.5) 490(94.4)
Comorbidities
 Hypertension 1520(33.6) 209(40.3) P = 0.003*
2999(66.4) 310(59.7)
 Diabetes mellitus 337(7.5) 55(10.6) P = 0.011*
4182(92.5) 464(89.4)
 Heart disease 631(14) 140(27) P < 0.001*
3888(86) 379(73)

*It has statistical significance