Table 9.
Univariate analysis comparing variables significantly associated with CH against healthy participants
| Healthy participants | Participants with CH | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| 4519 | 191 | ||
| Sex | |||
| Male | 2241(49.6) | 46(24.1) | P < 0.01* |
| Female | 2278(50.4) | 145(75.9) | |
| Age | |||
| 60–69 | 2243(49.6) | 114(59.7) | P = 0.007* |
| ≥ 70 | 2276(50.4) | 77(40.3) | |
| Education (years) | |||
| ≤ 5 | 3040(67.3) | 138(72.3) | P = 0.150 |
| > 5 | 1479(32.7) | 53(27.7) | |
| Current smoker | |||
| Yes | 1338(29.6) | 36(18.8) | P = 0.001* |
| No | 3181(70.4) | 155(81.2) | |
| Currently drinks alcohol | |||
| Yes | 1164(25.8) | 23(12 %) | P < 0.01* |
| No | 3355(74.2) | 168(88 %) | |
| Widowed/separated | |||
| Yes | 791(17.5) | 33(17.3) | P = 0.963 |
| No | 3728(82.5) | 158(82.7) | |
| Social activities | |||
| Yes | 793(17.5) | 14(7.3) | P < 0.01* |
| No | 3726(82.5) | 177(92.7) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 1520(33.6) | 81(42.4) | P = 0.012* |
| 2999(66.4) | 110(57.6) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 337(7.5) | 25(13.1) | P = 0.004* |
| 4182(92.5) | 166(86.9) | ||
| Heart disease | 631(14) | 48(25.1) | P < 0.01* |
| 3888(86) | 143(74.9) | ||
*It has statistical significance