Table 3.
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of isolates producing class 1, 2, and 3 integrons.
| Isolate | Sample | Date | Type of production | Produce | NS profile | Acquired antibiotic resistance genes | VF | Human pathogen probability (%)a | MLST | Plasmids | Number of phage regions | Integron classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E. cloacae | ||||||||||||
| INSali2 | VG2 | March 2013 | Convent. | Lettuce | A, Ac, F, S | aadA1b, blaTEM−1, dfrA1b, sul1, tetA | – | 75.2 | ST636 | IncX | 2 | 1 |
| INSali10 | VG7 | March 2013 | Organic | Lettuce | A, Ac, Cr, F, G | aadA2, aadB, qnrA1, sul1 | – | 75.6 | ST90 | IncFIB, IncFII | 2 | 1 |
| E. coli | ||||||||||||
| INSali25 | VG26 | May 2013 | Convent. | Lettuce | A, N, G, C | aadA1y, aph(4)-Ia, blaTEM−1, estX-12, floR, mcr-1, sat2, strA, strB, sul2, tetA | gad | 93.4 | ST1716 | IncHI2, IncI1, IncI2, IncQ, IncP, IncY | 6 | 2 |
| INSali 38 | VG37 | June 2013 | Convent. | Lettuce | A, G | aac(3)-Via, aadA1a, blaTEM−1, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tetA | lpfA, capU | 94.2 | ST5981 | IncHI2, IncFIC, IncP, IncQ | 3 | 1 |
| INSali 92 | VG85 | October 2013 | Organic | Lettuce | A, C | aadA1b, blaTEM−1, catA1, dfrA1b, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tetA | gad, lpfA, | 94.2 | ST2522 | IncHI2, IncP, IncQ | 2 | 1 |
| INSali 370 | VG85 | October 2013 | Organic | Lettuce | A, N, Ci, S | aadA2, blaTEM−1, dfrA12, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tetA | lpfA | 94.0 | ST345 | IncQ | 5 | 1 |
| R. planticola | ||||||||||||
| INSali 127 | VG131 | January 2014 | Organic | Carrot | A | aadA1y, sat2 | – | 83.2 | NA | IncL/M | 4 | 2 |
| INSali 133 | VG128 | January 2014 | Organic | Lettuce | A | aadA1y, sat2 | – | 83.1 | NA | IncL/M | 4 | 2 |
| M. morganii | ||||||||||||
| INSali 207 | VG26 | May 2014 | Convent. | Lettuce | A, Ac, N, G, C | aadA1a, aadB, cmlA1d, mphA, sul1, tetB | – | 66.6 | NA | – | 3 | 1 |
| P. putida | ||||||||||||
| INSali382 | VG129 | January 2014 | Organic | Lettuce | – | – | – | 8.8 | NA | – | 1 | 1 |
| K. pneumoniae | ||||||||||||
| INSLA 390 | VG136 | February 2014 | Organic | Strawberry | A, Ac, Ct, Cr, N, Ci, S | aadA2br, blaGES−11, blaSHV−28, dfrA12, dfrB3, oqxAB, sul1 tetD | – | 87.8 | ST15 | IncFIB, IncQ, IncR, IncFII | 4 | 1, 3 |
a
Probability of isolate being a human pathogen according with Pathogen Finder (http://www.cge.cbs.dtu.dk/services/PathogenFinder); A, ampicillin; Ac, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid; Ct, cefotaxime; Cr, ceftazidime; F, cefoxitin; N, nalidixic acid; Ci, ciprofloxacin; G, gentamicin; C, chloramphenicol; S, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; Convent., Conventional; NS, Non-susceptibility; VF, virulence factors; MLST, Multilocus sequence typing; NA, Not applicable.