FIGURE 2.

A schematic model depicting the signaling roles of MG in plant during abiotic stresses (modified from Hoque et al., 2015; Kaur et al., 2015a). Stress-induced MG participates in signal transduction by altering the expression of a number of genes, such as those encoding protein kinases and transcription factors (TFs), triggering various responses, including changes in general metabolism and ion/metabolite transport, stress and defense responses, as well as protein degradation. For further discussion, see the text. Abbreviations are defined in the text.