Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, questionnaire results, thermographic assessment and nailfold capillaroscopy in primary RP and FMS
| Primary RP (n = 85) | FMS (n = 43) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 47.8 (14.7) | 43.8 (10.8) | 0.12 |
| Female, n (%) | 66 (77.6) | 39 (90.7) | 0.07 |
| Smoking history, n (%) | |||
| Never | 40 (47) | 19 (44.2) | 0.76 |
| Ex | 31 (36.5) | 8 (18.6) | 0.04 |
| Current | 14 (16.5) | 16 (37.2) | 0.009 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 2 (2.4) | 2 (4.7) | 0.48 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 16 (18.8) | 3 (7.0) | 0.08 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 11 (12.9) | 1 (2.3) | 0.05 |
| Vasodilator use, n (%) | 21 (24.7) | 14 (32.6) | 0.35 |
| Questionnaire results | |||
| Cold intolerance, n (%) | 80 (94.1) | 42 (97.7) | 0.37 |
| White, n (%) | 60 (69.9) | 29 (67.4) | 0.71 |
| Blue, n (%) | 38 (44.7) | 14 (32.6) | 0.19 |
| Red, n (%) | 37 (43.5) | 21 (48.8) | 0.57 |
| Purple, n (%) | 41 (48.2) | 16 (37.2) | 0.24 |
| Mono-phasic, n (%) | 23 (27.1) | 14 (32.6) | 0.52 |
| Bi-phasic, n (%) | 21 (24.7) | 11 (25.6) | 0.91 |
| Tri-phasic, n (%) | 32 (37.6) | 13 (30.2) | 0.41 |
| Quadriphasic, n (%) | 9 (10.6) | 5 (11.6) | 0.86 |
| Numbness, n (%) | 73 (85.9) | 41 (95.3) | 0.11 |
| Symptoms in absence of cold, n (%) | 47 (55.3) | 25 (58.1) | 0.76 |
| Thumbs involvement, n (%) | 31 (36.5) | 17 (39.5) | 0.74 |
| Toes involvement, n (%) | 66 (77.6) | 35 (81.4) | 0.62 |
| Thermal imaging | |||
| Baseline temperature digits, °C (IQR) | 29.0 (7.3) | 32.1 (7.3) | 0.004 |
| Baseline temperature dorsum, °C (IQR) | 30.2 (4.4) | 31.9 (4.3) | 0.005 |
| Baseline thermal gradient, °C (IQR) | −0.9 (3.1) | 0.0 (3.0) | 0.033 |
| Post-CST temperature digits, °C (IQR) | 26.5 (7.4) | 30.8 (8.6) | 0.003 |
| Post-CST temperature dorsum, °C (IQR) | 28.8 (4.1) | 30.7 (4.6) | 0.003 |
| Post-CST thermal gradient, °C (IQR) | −2.6 (4.1) | −0.2 (3.6) | 0.066 |
| Primary RP (n = 48) | FMS (n = 18) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nailfold capillaroscopy | |||
| Normal nailfold capillaroscopy, n (%) | 31 (64.6) | 15 (83.3) | 0.14 |
| Subtle non-specific NC changes, n (%) | 15 (31.3) | 3 (16.7) | 0.24 |
| Scleroderma-like NC changes, n (%) | 2 (4.1) | 0 (0) | 0.38 |
Analyses of categorical data used Chi-square test. Analysis of continuous data used Mann–Whitney U test
RP Raynaud’s phenomenon, FMS fibromyalgia syndrome, IQR interquartile range, CST cold stress test, NC nailfold capillaroscopy