Table 1.

Participating centers, study areas, and characteristics of the individual cohorts

Country and center	Individual EPIC cohort	Study area ESCAPE	Cohort size	Nature of cohort	No. of incident CD casesa	No. of incident UC casesa
Denmark, Aarhus, and Copenhagen	DCH	Copenhagen area	57,054	Population-based cohort of men and women aged 50–64 years. Enrollment period 1993–1997. Cases identified up to July 2007	11	30
France, regions throughout country	E3N	Paris, Lyon, Grenoble and, Marseille	72,996	Female teachers and co-workers aged 40–65 years from a nationwide health insurance scheme. Enrollment period 1993–1997. Cases identified up to April 2008	5	10
The Netherlands, Bilthoven	MORGEN	Large regions of the country	22,715	Population-based cohort of men and women aged 20–65 years. Enrollment period 1993–1997. Cases identified up to December 2009	9	27
The Netherlands, Utrecht	Prospect	Large regions of the country	17,357	Women aged 49–70 years in a breast cancer screening program. Enrollment period 1993–1997. Cases identified up to December 2009	7	14
The UK, Oxford	Oxford	Large regions of the country	57,498	Members of vegetarian societies and readers of health food magazines aged 20–80 years. Enrollment period 1993–2000. Cases identified up to May 2004	6	23
Total			227,620		38	104

CD, Crohn’s disease; DCH, Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort; E3N, Etude Épidémiologique des femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale; EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; ESCAPE, European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects; UC, ulcerative colitis

^aOnly incident cases (and their controls) with air pollution estimates were selected